Abstract: The discipline of mine water prevention and control in China as a whole has undergone two major development processes: the initial development period in the 20th century and the growth and maturity period in the 21st century, with its basic structure and connotation already mature. According to the system theory, the generalized connotation of mine water has been expanded, the terminology and scientific scope of mine water prevention and control have been standardized, and a mine water system has been proposed, that is, a highly complex system involving a boundary from water supply to water inflow discharge and time-varying internal media structure. The water input and water inflow output are complete, and the system responds in a timely manner when mining disturbances are triggered; The basic framework of mine water prevention and control has been constructed, including two core systems: theoretical and technical systems and technical management systems; The theoretical and technical system covers theoretical basis, technical support, and engineering support, with disaster mechanism, condition evaluation, and prediction as the theoretical basis, condition exploration, prevention and treatment, and geological support as the technical support, and seven types of projects such as water exploration, waterproofing, water blocking, drainage, drainage, water interception, and water regime monitoring as the measure support; The technical management system includes advanced concepts, overall ideas, and working systems. Guided by the overall idea of “predicting and forecasting, exploring if there is any doubt, exploring before excavating, and treating before mining”, and guided by the advanced concept of combining prevention at the source, regional governance, engineering governance, and protection, the construction concept is advanced, the foundation is solid, exploration is clear, scientific and technological breakthroughs are tackled, and comprehensive governance is conducted, The “seven in one” water disaster prevention and control work system for effect evaluation and emergency rescue achieves the overall goal of reducing the impact of mine water, preventing water disaster accidents, and mitigating environmental impact. Looking forward to the future, the physical mechanism of flood disasters, the law of data driven disasters, or the integration of the two are key directions for fundamental theoretical breakthroughs, which will drive comprehensive breakthroughs in technology and engineering.