Abstract: Coalbed methane (CBM) is an important component of unconventional natural gas, and Xinjiang is one of the 14 mega coal industry bases in China, with abundant CBM resources, accounting for about 26% of the total CBM resources in China. This research aims to analyze and summarize the characteristics of coalbed methane resources in Xinjiang’s coal mining areas with large dip angles and multiple coal groups. To summarize the breakthrough research progress in the theory and technology of coalbed methane development and utilization in Xinjiang’s coal mining areas since the 13th Five-Year Plan and to make a long-term outlook on the potential of coalbed methane development and utilization in Xinjiang’s coal mining areas. The results show that the resource characteristics of the Xinjiang coal mine area are “large dip angle, multiple coal seams, low coal rank, and high gas content”. The breakthrough research progresses by proposing a coordinated development model of coal and CBM based on “three types of holes, four zones, and five kinds of coal” for coal mining areas with a large inclination and multiple coal groups; elucidating the deformation pattern and high-risk locations of surface wells with large inclination mining, and proposing the five-word concept of “avoid, resist, let, protect, sparse” surface wells design technology. The above-mentioned research progress has been successfully applied in situ field, which has improved the overall level of coalbed methane development and utilization in coal mining areas of Xinjiang. However, a large-scale coalbed methane utilization industry has not yet been formed on a large scale. Therefore, there is an urgent need to summarize and promote the typical three-zone coalbed methane development model in coal mining areas with large inclination angles and multiple coal groups; strengthen the uniform pre-pumping of surface wells in coal mining areas with multiple coal groups; develop efficient underground coalbed methane drainage technology and equipment; realize targeted and precise coalbed methane drainage based on asymmetric extraction and pressure relief; expand the coalbed methane utilization technology in the total concentration range applicable in an extremely cold climate. Accelerate the operation of the national CBM industrialization base at the southern edge of the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang and realize the effective development and utilization of the abundant coal-bed methane resources in Xinjiang.