Abstract: In order to obtain the deformation mechanism of roadway surrounding rock with large deformation and its control countermeasures under difficult condition s,based on the types and characteristics of roadway under difficult conditions,the surrounding rock deformation characteristics and the interior deformation and structure ch aracteristics of surrounding rock were summarized. Then the five kinds of main deformation mechanisms were analyzed in detail,including the large deformation failure ind uced by high stress ,the instability of roadway system with floor heave,deformation and failure of roadway under mining influence deformation mechanism for dislocation of structural surface and decoupling between surrounding rock and supporting structure. Combined with theoretical research and engineering practice of roadway control,the main problems,difficulties existed in mine and key points for control of the roadway under difficult conditions currently were proposed. Finally,the support technologies for s oft rock roadway with high stress,inclined shaft with large cross-section through the mined-out gob and roadway under mining influence and their engineering applications were introduced separately.