Abstract: In order to cultivate the anaerobic bacteria which can enhance the biodegradability of gasification wastewater,the paper domesticated and cultured the anaerobic bacteria with high phenol and high ammonia nitrogen tolerant by selective subculture and “Co metabolism matrix-Target pollutant” double substrate mode.The paper studied the effects of culture conditions such as temperature and pH on the culture of bacteria.The anaerobic bacteria were used to treat coal gasification wastewater under the optimal conditions.The results showed that with the prolongation of culture time and the increase of substrate initial concentration,anaerobic bacteria adapted to the high phenol and high ammonia nitrogen gradually.The optimum growth temperature of anaerobic bacteria was 30 ℃ and the optimum pH for growth was 8.Under optimum temperature and pH conditions,10% acclimated bacteria were inoculated into coal gasification wastewater with COD concentration 1 580 mg/L,total phenol concentration 422 mg/L and ammonia nitrogen concentration 139 mg/L.20 mg/L catechol was added as the co-metabolism matrix.After 20 d culture,the average removal rate of COD and total phenol reached 40.25% and 41.38% respectively.The B/C from coal gasification wastewater was increased from 0.21 to 0.45.