槽波地震反射法探测地质构造应用研究
Study on detection of channel wave reflection method applied to geologic structure
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摘要: 晋城北部矿区地质条件复杂，为清除地质构造对矿井生产造成安全隐患，实现地质构造灾害预测预报，采用岩石声波测试系统对该矿压3号煤层及顶底板岩石的波速进行测试。基于槽波地震反射法探测原理，采用振幅包络计算和共中心点叠加偏移技术，优化了数据处理流程，并将其应用于3号煤层地质构造探测中，提出了槽波地震精细化探测的建议。研究结果表明，3号煤层波速较小，与顶底板岩石的物性参数差异明显，为槽波地震探测提供了良好的物理基础；该区槽波速度约1000～1200 m/s，可选取50～300 Hz的频带范围对反射槽波数据进行滤波，提高信噪比；晋城北部矿区3号煤层适宜采用槽波地震反射法探测地质构造，但同相轴反射界面可能为断层或陷落柱边界，需结合其它方法进行综合精确解释。Abstract: The geological conditions are very complex in the north diggings of Jincheng. In order to eliminate the potential hazardous effect from geologic structure on mining safety and help to establish a forecasting mechanism for disasters resulting from geological structure , the wave velocities in No.3 coal seam as well as roof and floor rock are tested using rock acoustic test system. Based on detecting techniques of channel wave reflection method, we employed envelope computation and CMP stacking technology to optimize data treatment procedures. After having applied this methodology to investigate the geologic structure in No.3 coal seam, the idea and future development of refined channel wave detection method was proposed. This work found that the wave velocity of No.3 coal seam is relatively lower with physical property parameters from No.3 coal seam noticeably different from those from roof and floor rock, which provides favorable physical conditions for channel wave detection. The velocity of channel wave is 1 000～1 200 m/s in this area. Bands with frequency falling in 50～300 Hz are suitable for for smoothing the reflection data of channel wave and enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. Although channel wave reflection method is a good option for the detection of geologic structure in No.3 coal seam in the north mining areas of Jincheng, the fact that the reflecting interface of seismic event may happen to be fault or collapse column boundary, makes necessary combining other methods for more comprehensive and accurate illustration
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