Abstract: In order to study a mine rock burst problem of the mine rectangular section roadway, a model of the roof shearing beam was applied to study the critical load and influence factors of the mine rock burst occurred in the rectangular section roadway. According to the instability theory affected by the mine rock burst, a study was conducted on critical load and influence factors of the mine rock burst occurred in the rectangular section roadway. The results showed that with the analysis on the relationship between the plastic zone width of the seam in the two sidewalls of the mine roadway and the load in the overburden strata, the critical load of the mine rock burst occurred in the roadway was obtained. The critical load and the width and height ratio of the rectangular section roadway had a good negative relationship to each other. But the thickness of the roof would be increased, within the certain scope, the lower the height and width ratio of the rectangular section roadway was, the thick roof would not be easy to have the rock burst occurred. The critical load would be decreased with the rigidity ratio of the seam and roof increased and would be increased with the coal modulus ratio increased. In a consideration to the space effect of the excavation, a mathematical model of the displacement released coefficient suitable to the rectangular section roadway was provided. The paper explained that the rock burst of the roadway was not occurred near the heading face, but was occurred with a certain distance behind at the mine site.