Abstract: The exploration effect of large and medium-sized faults in mines directly affects the safe and efficient production of coal mines. The comparative study of exploration and mining of large and medium-sized faults in mines can not only serve as the basis for the evaluation of pre-production exploration work, but also effectively guide mine production. Due to the geological structure, especially the important impact of large and medium-sized faults on mine production, the comparative analysis of exploration and mining of large and medium-sized faults in mines has a clearer targeting for mine design and production management. This paper innovatively carried out the exploration and mining comparison method of large and medium-sized faults in mining areas. In terms of the exploration and comparison index of faults, two concepts of fault detection rate and exploration accuracy were proposed, and the concept of medium error m of fault drop mining error was also proposed. The statistical error theory and quantitative statistical analysis method were used to analyze the mining error of the two indexes of fault number and fault drop, which was in line with the conventional error analysis theory and method. The comparative analysis of faults is simple and concise, but it meets the actual needs of mine production. The results of comparative analysis show that the fault detection rate of the study area is 41.9%, and the accuracy of fault exploration is 61.9%. The average relative error of fault mining is 45.2%. The error between the exploration value of the fault and the measured value of the mining reveal is between 0 and 25 m, and the medium error is ±7.69 m.