二氧化碳爆破采掘装备及技术研究
Study on carbon dioxide blasting mining and driving equipment and technology
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摘要: 针对试验矿井煤巷炮掘速度慢、安全性低、爆破产生粉尘和有害气体较多的问题,提出了适合试验矿井煤巷掘进的二氧化碳爆破技术,研制了二氧化碳爆破开采器,并获得国家专利。该装备的工作原理是利用液态二氧化碳瞬间发生相变产生高压,作用于周围煤(岩)体,从而实现破煤(岩)。经井下1 600 m长煤巷的掘进实践表明:二氧化碳爆破相比于传统炸药爆破,安全性高,爆破效果好,煤炭成块率可提高1倍以上,达到65%~78%;抛煤距离缩短约40%,为0~3 m;粉尘及炮烟量减少约50%,二氧化碳体积分数一般为0.02%~0.09%,一氧化碳体积分数一般为(3~16)×10-6;该技术能够为井下创造良好的掘进工作环境,有利于作业人员的身体健康,实现了安全高效掘进。Abstract: According to the slow driling and blasting driving speed.low saietydust occurred from the blasting and many harmful gas problems of the seam gateway in the trial mine,a carbon dioxide blasting fechnology sitable for the seam gateway drving in the iral mine was proided.Acaoon dioide basting miner was researched and developed with the National Patent.T'he operation principle of the equipment was to apply the high prssure from the phase transitin during the lituid cabon dokide and then would be aff cted to the surounding cal and rock mass.Therefore,the coal and rock breaking was realied. The drwving experiment practices o a 1 600 m sean gatewvay in the underground mine showed that in comparison with the conventional blasting.the cabon dioxide blasting would have the high safety igh blastng effect and good basting effct.The lump cal rate could be improved over 20% and would be reached at 65%~78%.The coal throw distance was reduced about 40 % and was 0 ~ 3 m.The dust and blasting fume volume was reduced about 50%,the caroon dioxide volume fraction was 0.02%~0.09% generally and the cabon monoxide volume fraction was 3~15)×*10Rgenefal All thosecould create an excelent drving working environment in the underground mnine,could be favorableto the physical health of the operation personnel and could realize the safety and high efficient driving.