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高潜水位煤矿区地表沉陷信息提取方法研究

Research on surface subsidence information extraction method based on high phreatic coal mining area

  • 摘要: 准确、快速、高效地获取采煤沉陷信息对矿区土地复垦具有重要意义,尤其是针对极易形成大面积的地表沉陷积水区以及非积水区的高潜水位煤矿区,土地复垦工作更为严峻。以高潜水位矿区——鲍店煤矿为研究对象,结合并改进水体和非水体提取方法,获取整个矿区的地表沉陷信息。在改进归一化水体指数(MNDWI)的基础上,针对采煤沉陷水体边缘易于和水体信息混淆的特点,提出了增强型改进归一化水体指数(E-MNDWI)。利用Landsat 8数据通过E-MNDWI提取沉陷积水区域;利用哨兵1号A星数据(Sentinel-1A),通过小基线集技术(SBAS-InSAR)提取出沉陷非积水区域;最后进行克里金插值获取矿区下沉量为10mm的等值线。结果表明:利用E-MNDWI提取沉陷水体精度较高,Kappa系数为85.07%。店矿区西部基本达到稳沉状态,东部地表沉陷较为明显,南部地表略有抬升。监测期内矿区最大地表平均下沉速率为41.69 mm/a,最大下沉量为85.16 mm。截至2017年矿区因采煤造成的沉陷区域面积共10.1 km,其中沉陷积水区为4.6 km,非积水区域为5.5 km2。选取若干基准点验证沉陷非积水区的提取结果,得到决定系数R2为0.92。利用多源多时相数据,结合多种方法获取矿区沉陷信息,可为煤矿城市生态修复和土地整治复垦提供理论依据,并为今后快速高效监测采煤沉陷区地表形变提供新思路。

     

    Abstract: Accurate, rapid and efficient access to coal mining subsidence information is great significance for land reclamation in mining areas, especially for coal mining areas in high phreatic areas, which are likely to form large-area surface subsidence and non-watershed areas.The work of reclamation is even more serious.Taking Baodian Coal Mine, a high phreatic mining area, as the research object, combining and improving the water body and non-water body extraction methods, the surface subsidence information of the entire mining area was obtained.On the basis of Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), an Enhanced Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (E-MNDWI) was proposed for the characteristics that the edge of coal mining subsidence was easy to be confused with water body information.The Landsat 8 data was used to extract the subsidence water area through E-MNDWI.The Sentinel-1A data (Sentinel-1A)was used to extract the subsided non-watershed area by Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR).Finally, Kriging interpolation was performed to obtain the 10 mm contour of the subsidence of the mining area.The results showed that the accuracy of extracting subsidence water by E-MNDWI was high, and the Kappa coefficient was 85.07%.The western part of the mining area has basically reached a stable state, and the surface subsidence in the east was more obvious, and the southern surface was slightly elevated.During the monitoring period, the maximum surface subsidence rate of the mining area was 41.69 mm/a, and the maximum sub-sidence was 85.16 mm.As of 2017, the subsidence area caused by coal mining in the mining area was 10.1 km2, of which the subsidence water area was 4.6 km2 and the non-water accumulation area was 5.5 km2.A number of reference points were selected to verify the extraction results of the subsided non-watershed area, and the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.92.The use of multi-source and multi-temporal data, combined with a variety of methods to obtain mining subsidence information, could provided a theoretical basis for ecological restoration and land remediation in coal mining cities, and provide a new idea for the rapid and efficient monitoring of surface deformation in coal mining subsidence areas.

     

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