Abstract: In order to provide new approaches for prevention and control spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf,the mechanism and research progress of aerosol fire-extinguishing technology are introduced. The principles,advantages,disadvantages and applicable conditions of all kinds of aerosol fire-extinguishing technologies are analyzed. The results show that the sols have multiple extinguishing effects,such as heat absorption,isolation and chemical inhibition. The aerosol particles spread quickly and can be deposited on the surface of coal,which can effectively inhibit the oxidation of coal in the goaf.In order to analyse the effect of inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion with aerosol fire-extinguishing technology,the ultrasonic atomization was used to produce Mg,Al,Zn chloride aerosol and NaOH aerosols for treating coal sample synergetically. Activity of surface functional group on coal is inhibited by the formation of hydroxide precipitation. The inhibition of Al and Mg aerosol to —OH structure is more significant,and Zn aerosol has a more obvious inhibition on the structure of C—O.