Abstract: In order to make up the shortage that the repeatability poor of the large spontaneous combustion experiment and to master the fire source evolution feat ures of the coal spontaneous combustion process under different external environment,with the application of the numerical simulation method and the establishment of the boundary condition same to the experiment environment,the major features of the fire source evolution in the furnace during the spontaneous combustion process W ere obtained.With the variation of the model parameters,the paper had a study on the heat radiation environment and the air leakage affected to the fire source distribut ion and temperature. The results showed that during the development process of the fire source location steadily forward to the air surface,the air leakage volume increa sed would not only obviously expand the high temperature scope,but the fire source location would be in a deep depth of the air surface under the same temperature.Th e environment heat radiation volume reduced would cause the fire source area to be expanded radially and would cause the coal temperature gradient reduced in the w hole area.The air leakage condition would be mainly affect the coal temperature rising speed at the high temperature stage and the heat radiation volume increased wo uld obviously expand the low temperature oxidation process of coal.