Abstract: The coordinated coal-water mining is of great significance for maintaining the ecological balance of the western mining areas and alleviating the shortage of regional water resources. This article aims to reveal the influencing factors and their effects of coal-water coordinated mining in western mining areas in China，and to provide references for water resources protection and ecological civilization construction in mining areas. A research method for the impact factors of coal-water coordinated mining based on the full life cycle theory was proposed. According to the different disturbance levels of coal mining on the groundwater system and other ecological mutual feedback reactions triggered by this，the coal mine development cycle was divided into three stages，and the impact characteristics of each stage were summarized based on these stages. By analyzing the development status of some underground coal mines and the level of coordinated coal-water co-mining，combined with the characteristics of the special ecological environment in the western mining area，the relevant indicators that affect the coordinated coal-water co-mining were selected，and the dependence，feedback，and domination relationships between the indicators were identified and the cone base element and cone top element were categorized. An analysis model was constructed based on Cone-ANP，and a set of cone elements were established at different stages，and they were used to derive the weight distribution of each influencing factor. The research results show that the nature of the aquifer in the planning and design stage has a strong effect on coordinated co-mining; the coal mining method and mining technology、the treatment rate of collapsed land in the construction and mining stage become the main influencing factors of co-mining; the utilization rate and water quality of the old gob and the utilization rate of abandoned shafts and tunnels have the greatest impact on coordinated mining in the closed pit remediation stage. The research results provide a certain reference for the improvement of the comprehensive benefits of coordinated mining and the improvement of mining technology in the western ecologically fragile mining areas.