Abstract: The western region is the main distribution area of green coal resources in China and the gathering area of large national coal production bases. Also, it is the ecological environment fragile area of our country. In the case that the situation of coal as the main energy in China is difficult to change in the short term, safe and green mining, clean and efficient utilization of coal resources in the west has become a major demand to ensure national energy security. From five aspects as coordinated exploration of mineral resources in coal measures, coal mining with water preserving and ecological environment protection in the ecological fragile areas, fine prediction and forecast of mine geological disaster, “Internet + Coal Geology” and coal clean utilization, the research status of the geological assurance technology for coal green development in the west is analyzed in this paper, and three main future development directions of the geological assurance technology for coal green development in the west are prospected, i.e., to improve the green coal resources exploration precision, to establish the system of coal mining with water preserving and to improve geological assurance of coal clean utilization.