冲击地压巷道减隔震技术原理及应用
Principle and application of reduce and isolation technology in rock burst roadway
-
摘要: 冲击地压是煤矿开采过程中最严重的动力灾害之一，对煤矿安全开采造成了极大威胁。统计表明，约90%的冲击地压发生在巷道中，致使巷道损坏、垮冒甚至闭合以及人员伤亡。巷道支护已成为防治冲击地压的最后一道防线。基于冲击地压巷道围岩破坏过程及关键影响因素分析，研究了深部冲击地压巷道减隔震技术手段和实现方法，有效保护了巷道围岩结构的整体稳定性。提出了冲击地压巷道减隔震技术原理：隔震技术是在支护层与原岩之间致裂形成具有显著消波吸能作用的松散煤岩体，吸能机理主要体现在块体松散吸能、旋转吸能、空间散射吸能、反射吸能4个方面；减震技术通过锚杆锚索、O型棚、防冲单元架等支护构件的大延伸及让压位移，经过减震支护构件的强散射和释能作用，保护巷道支护锚固体在瞬间高冲击动载作用下的整体移动性和让压位移特征；隔震+减震的双重组合保护效应，实现了巷道围岩消波降载支护体整体释能抗冲的性能特征，从而维护冲击地压巷道围岩的稳定性。现场实践和微震监测显示：减隔震技术可以有效控制冲击地压巷道变形和破坏，巷道表面监测的微震能量降低了50%，巷道支护效果显著。Abstract: Rock burst is one of the most serious dynamic disasters in the process of coal mining,which poses a great threat to the safety of coal mining. Statistics show that 85% of rock burst occurs in the roadway,resulting in damage,collapse and even closure of the roadway and casualties. Roadway support has become the last line of defense to prevent rock burst. Based on the analysis of surrounding rock failure process and key influencing factors of rock burst roadway,the technical and implementation method of shock reduction and isolation in deep mine rock burst roadway are studied,which effectively protect the overall stability of surrounding rock structure of roadway. The principle of support and isolation technology for rock burst roadway is proposed. Isolation technology is to form loose coal and rock mass with significant wave absorbing and energy absorbing effect by cracking between supporting layer and original rock. The energy absorbing mechanism is mainly reflected in four aspects:loose block energy absorbing,rotating block energy absorbing,space scattering energy absorbing and reflection energy absorbing. Reduce technology through the large elongation and yielding displacement of supporting components such as anchor cable,O-shed and anti-scour unit frame,and through the strong scattering and energy release effect of damping supporting components,the overall mobility and yielding displacement characteristics of roadway supporting anchor solid under instantaneous high impact dynamic load are protected. The double combined protection effect of“isolation + reduce”realizes the performance characteristics of the whole energy release and anti-scour of the surrounding rock support for wave dissipation and load reduction,maintain the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway with rock burst. The field practice and microseismic monitoring show that the technology of reducing isolation can effectively control the deformation and failure of the impact ground pressure roadway,the micro earthquake energy of the roadway surface monitoring is reduced by 50%,and the supporting effect of the roadway is remarkable.
-
-
期刊类型引用(12)
1. 崔德伟. 厚煤层条件下多级让压支护技术研究. 煤. 2024(04): 36-39+43 . 
百度学术
2. 刘文超，赵毅鑫，郭继鸿. 新街矿区厚硬顶板条件邻空巷道冲击地压机理与控制. 煤田地质与勘探. 2024(10): 153-165 . 百度学术
3. 王凯兴，薛佳琪，潘一山，窦林名，肖永惠. 顶板-支护系统准共振诱发冲击地压机制研究. 岩土力学. 2023(03): 717-727 . 百度学术
4. 袁亮，王恩元，马衍坤，刘玉冰，李晓亮. 我国煤岩动力灾害研究进展及面临的科技难题. 煤炭学报. 2023(05): 1825-1845 . 百度学术
5. 高明仕，徐东，王海川，俞鑫，刘荣发. 特厚煤层巷道冲击破坏机理及全锚索支护技术. 煤炭学报. 2023(05): 1943-1956 . 百度学术
6. 程利兴，郭洁，高斌，周翔，李灵博，高健勋，李永元，李靖宇，李义朝，汪占领，周鹏赫. 轴向冲击荷载下锚索动力响应特征试验研究. 采矿与岩层控制工程学报. 2023(04): 35-43 . 百度学术
7. 乔建永. 采矿工程中的基础数学研究及其工程应用. 中国科学:技术科学. 2023(10): 1747-1762 . 百度学术
8. 赵洪宝，刘一洪，刘绍强，张嘉澔，吴桐. 考虑动载扰动作用的窄煤柱巷道底板失稳机制. 煤炭科学技术. 2022(02): 56-64 . 本站查看
9. 王爱文，范德威，潘一山，赵宝友，代连朋. 扩胀-摩擦式吸能防冲锚索及其力学特性. 煤炭学报. 2022(02): 695-710 . 百度学术
10. 朱斯陶，刘金海，姜福兴，尚晓光，孙希奎，张修峰，宋大钊，张明，王爱文，谢华东，曲效成. 我国煤矿顶板运动型矿震及诱发灾害分类、预测与防控. 煤炭学报. 2022(02): 807-816 . 百度学术
11. 鞠文君，杨鸿智，付玉凯，焦建康，李中伟，孙刘伟. 煤矿冲击地压巷道支护技术发展与展望. 煤炭工程. 2022(11): 1-6 . 百度学术
12. 安栋，陈征，宋义敏，宋嘉祺，许海亮. 冲击地压矿井巷道吸能防冲液压支架防冲效果研究. 煤炭科学技术. 2022(11): 12-19 . 本站查看
其他类型引用(18)
下载:
图(14)
计量
- 文章访问数: 337
- HTML全文浏览量: 3
- PDF下载量: 764
- 被引次数: 30
