基于改进普氏平衡拱理论的层状顶板安全厚度研究
Study on safety thickness of layered-roof based on improved Protodyakonov equilibrium arch theory
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摘要: 针对露天矿区对前井工开采矿留下采空区的处理是一个重要的安全问题，依托元宝山露天煤矿隐蔽致灾地质因素综合勘探治理研究项目和平朔东露天矿采空区(空洞)综合勘察与治理项目进行深入研究，结合东露天矿的现场实际条件进行理论分析，并以井工矿采空区顶板安全厚度为切入点，采用理论分析、模型构建、现场实测等方法，分析在垂直地应力和水平构造应力共同作用下平衡拱的形态演化规律和特征，对传统普氏平衡拱理论进行研究与改进，得到改正普氏平衡拱拱高计算方法，并在工程实践中得以验证。结果表明：层状顶板在垮落过程中须考虑水平应力的影响，平衡拱拱高随侧压系数的增大而减小，顶板的安全厚度也会相应减小；经现场对采空区顶板裂缝产状及发育情况观测，以改进普氏平衡拱计算所得的顶板稳定性要大于传统普氏平衡拱的结论，改进普氏平衡拱的计算结论与实际吻合较好。为保障露天矿工作面中的大型设备安全作业，进而为确定下伏井工矿采空区顶板安全厚度提供理论参考依据，同时为露天矿井采采空区稳定性的研究提供了基础。Abstract: It is an important safety problem that how to deal with goaf in open-pit mining area. Based on the research project of comprehensive exploration and treatment of hidden geological factors in Yuanbaoshan open pit coal mine and the project of comprehensive investigation and treatment of goaf (cavity) in east open pit coal mine in Pingshuo,this paper makes theoretical analysis combined with the actual site conditions of east open pit coal mine by means of field measurement,and the methods of theoretical analysis,model construction and field measurement are adopted,We analyzed the shape evolution law and characteristics of balanced arch under the combined action of vertical geostress and horizontal tectonic stress to study and improve the traditional theory of balanced arch,and revise the calculation method of balanced arch height,and verifiy in the engineering practice. The results show that the horizontal stress should be taken into account in the collapse process of the layered roof. The balanced arch height decreases with the increase of the lateral pressure coefficient,and the safe thickness of the roof decreases accordingly through on-site observation of the occurrence and development of roof cracks in goaf,it is concluded that the roof stability calculated by the improved PU’s equilibrium arch is greater than that calculated by the traditional PU’s equilibrium arch,the calculation results of the improved przewalski equilibrium arch are in good agreement with the practice. In order to ensure the safe operation of large-scale equipment in the open-pit working face,and then determine the safety thickness of the roof of the underlying goaf to provide a theoretical reference,at the same time,it provides a basis for stability of goaf in open-pit mine,and the results will also provide a certain reference and theoretical guidance for efficient,economic and safe mining of open-pit mine.
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Keywords:
- goaf /
- layered roof /
- roof deformation and failure /
- Protodyakonov equilibrium arch
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