Abstract: As the world’s largest coal producer and consumer, China’s energy structure is still dominated by traditional fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, and its carbon emissions rank first in the world, and its energy pattern is not expected to undergo substantial changes in a short period of time. The energy sector is the key to achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China, but this does not mean that fossil energy will be completely withdrawn. At present, achieving carbon neutrality has risen to the national strategic level. Carbon neutrality is a top-level goal proposed by the country. When implemented at the actual industrial level, it will bring benefits to traditional high-energy-consuming enterprises and emerging new energy and green industries. Huge development opportunities, while greatly promoting environmental protection and ecological restoration to a certain extent. Promoting carbon neutrality has extremely important theoretical and practical significance for China’s modernization, global climate governance, and the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Taking China’s energy structure composition and carbon emissions status as the main entry point, this paper introduces the specific background of China’s current carbon neutrality, analyzes the internal relationship between ecological restoration and carbon neutrality, and then discusses the ecological logic of ecological restoration of coal mines. The basic principles to be followed and the overall requirements for implementation, while emphasizing the connotation and classification of mining ecological restoration technical measures such as the elimination of geological safety hazards, natural restoration, auxiliary regeneration, and ecological reconstruction. Coal mining not only caused the destruction of surface vegetation and changes in soil texture, resulting in carbon loss, but also directly and indirectly caused a large amount of carbon emissions during the process of mining and washing. Scientific mine ecological restoration can greatly improve soil texture.Increase vegetation coverage, increase the level of emission reduction and sink increase and realize the development status of “low carbon source, high carbon sink, and high efficiency”, which effectively contributes to the realization of carbon neutrality.