Abstract: As a commonly seen dynamic phenomenon in mining activities, mine earthquakes may induce rock bursts, damage roadways and equipment and cause casualties, especially in the deep tunnel excavation period, which brings great threat to safety production. In order to grasp the law of occurrence and impact mechanism of deep mine earthquakes, and take corresponding measures to reduce the threat of mine earthquakes to deep rock bursts, the No.2804 tunneling face under the conditions of large mining depth in Hetaoyu Coal Mine was taken as the engineering background. Under the condition of a mining depth of one thousand meters, the occurrence mechanism and prevention technology of mine earthquakes during the excavation of solid coal roadways were studied. Throughmicroseismic monitoring and surrounding rock deformation monitoring, the occurrence and response characteristics of the mine earthquake during the tunneling were analyzed, the mechanism of the mine earthquake under the unloading action of the roadway in the deep buried structural area was studied, and the process of the mine earthquake induced rock burst was analyzed and corresponding prevention and control measures were taken. The research results show that the roadway in Hetaoyu Mine will be slightly damagedwhen the seismic energy of the mine reachesmore than 104 J; the mine quake originates from the unloading of the high-stress area of the geological structure and the high-energy pressure drop formed by the boundary of the roadway. The high stress difference promotes the rapid release of surrounding rock energy; after a mine earthquake, the seismic source itself causes the surrounding rock to rupture, reducing the impact resistance of the roadway, and the released energy spreads around in the form of mine shock waves, and the energy is superimposed in the limit balance area of the roadway, causing impact damage when it exceeds its bearing capacity; for the on-site development face, long-distance borehole pressure relief in advance is adopted to reduce the energy pressure drop during the excavation of the roadway, and large-diameter boreholes dissipate the accumulated energy in the surrounding rock, and increases the side anchor cable to improve the anti-impact capacity of the broken area of the roadway, ensuring the safe penetration of the working face.