Abstract: According to application status of explosion-proof diesel engine in coal mine transportation system, expatiated systematically the basic composition and explosion-proof mechanism of intake explosion-proof system, exhaust explosion- proof system and safety protection system. And the research hot-spots of key technologies of explosion-proof diesel engine were also summarized from the three aspects. It pointed out the characteristics of the exhaust explosion-proof system and the safety protection system, the shortcomings of the research and the development trend of existing mine explosion-proof diesel engines. Based on the analysis of the research status of key technologies of explosion-proof diesel explosion-proof system for explosion-proof diesel engines, the effects of installation of explosion-proof components such as inlet and exhaust flame arrester and exhaust gas treatment system on the dynamic performance, fuel economy and emission characteristics of diesel engine were summarized. And it is pointed out that the airflow characteristics of the explosion-proof system are research interests of the study. Finally, the future development directions of the mine explosion-proof diesel engine were prospected.