Abstract: As a high efficient technique for coal resource utilization, pyrolysis of low rank coal has been facing issues, such as unsatisfactory quality of coal tar, serious dust and inefficient dedusting of high temperature gaseous phase product during the process of industrialization. The reasons of these issues are analyzed and research progress is reviewed from the aspects of coal tar yield and quality adjustion, dust control and dedusting technology. Based on that, some directions of new technique research and development are proposed combining the newest application of pyrolysis technology.The catalytic pyrolysis, rich-hydrogen atmosphere and secondary reaction control shall be integrated to form catalytic pyrolysis-catalytic gasification or combustion coupling technology in order to realize catalyst cyclical and low-cost utilization. The restraint of dust generation and dust control in pyrolysis furnace are more effective than dedusting in the subsequent purification process, which needs the technical support of granular bed filter, high temperature electrostatic dust collection and high temperature washing dust-removal and others. The long flow process shall be avoided in the subsequent purification to improve the reliability of integral engineering.