Abstract: In view of the problems that traditional measurement methods extract the surface deformation of mining areas, the data obtained is discrete and low-density, and traditional measurement methods cannot fully and effectively evaluate the damage level of buildings. Research on the method of building deformation monitoring and mining damage assessment based on 3D laser scanning technology (3DLS) is proposed in the article. Firstly, Introduces the design method of building deformation monitoring accuracy based on 3D laser and the evaluation method of building mining damage. Secondly, a 3D laser target ball fitting method based on Quantum Particle Swarm (QPSO) is constructed and the accuracy is analyzed.Subsequently, multi-period real-time observations were made on the surface buildings in a mining area in Huainan, and the deformation information was extracted from the characteristic points of the buildings in the mining subsidence basin in the mining area. Finally, according to “Regulations for Coal Pillar Retention and Coal Mining in Buildings,Water Bodies,Railways and Main Shafts”,the damage level of the house was evaluated. The results showed that:①QPSO algorithm has a certain stability in the target ball fitting and the result accuracy is high. ②On the outside direction of working face, the damage degree of buildings is positively related to the distance from the open-off cut, and the closer the distance to the open-off cut, the higher the damage degree of buildings. Simultaneously, it is related to the tunneling progress of the working face. As the mining intensity of the working face increases, the damage to the surface buildings also increases. In summary, the application of 3D laser scanning technology to monitor the mining damage of surface buildings in mining areas is of guiding significance for the safety production and evaluation of mining areas.The research results of this article have important reference value for the evaluation and prevention of geological environmental disasters in nearby mining areas.