Abstract: In this paper,taking Taian City as the research area,selecting Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS image as data source in May 2018,and the maximum likelihood classifi cation method was used to obtain the land use classification map of Taian City,and the surface temperature map was obtained by using the single-window algorithm to i nversion the surface temperature map. The relationship between land use type and surface temperature could be expressed as:residential land and industrial and minin g land > Naked > Cultivated land > Woodlands and grasslands > Water bodies. Residents and industrial and mining land had the greatest contribution to the rise of surf ace temperature,while water bodies and woodlands had the significant effect on surface cooling,which could effectively alleviate urban climate problems such as the he at island effect providing the reasonable suggestions for urban planning and future construction in Taian City.