Abstract: In order to improve the impact resistance of the existing roadway support system, an energy-absorbing and anti-scouring design was carried out on the basis of the existing conventional roadway portal hydraulic support, and the support reaction force was obtained from the energy absorption, the overall deformation of the hydraulic support and the impact load. The size, fluctuation and other aspects were studied and analyzed to verify the supporting performance of the energy-absorbing hydraulic support under impact load. Firstly, based on the principle of energy conservation, the theoretical basis and necessity of supporting energy absorption characteristics were studied and analyzed, and the numerical simulation and experimental analysis were carried out in combination with the existing pre-folded self-guided energy absorption device. The numerical simulation results were consistent with the test process, so that the feasibility of numerical simulation is clarified, and its deformation and energy absorption characteristics were summarized, and then the conventional hydraulic support was designed for energy absorption and impact prevention. Then, the numerical simulation method was used to compare the anti-bump performance of conventional hydraulic supports and energy-absorbing hydraulic supports from various aspects. The results show that under the same impact load, the plastic performance of the energy-absorbing hydraulic support bracket after the energy-absorbing device is installed is less than 65% of that of the conventional support, and the maximum equivalent plastic strain is only less than 62% of the conventional hydraulic support. The yielding area is less than 85% of the conventional hydraulic support, and the average reaction force is less than 53% of the conventional hydraulic support; the fast Fourier transform is used to perform frequency spectrum analysis on the support reaction force, so as to compare and analyze the fluctuation of the support reaction force of the conventional hydraulic support and the energy-absorbing hydraulic support under the impact load. The supporting reaction force of energy-absorbing hydraulic supports is more stable than conventional hydraulic supports. Combined with the analysis of various results, the energy-absorbing hydraulic support has good load-bearing characteristics and energy-absorbing and anti-bump capabilities. The facility energy-absorbing device has a certain protective effect on the hydraulic support itself and the surrounding rock and soil of the roadway.