Abstract: Microalgae CO2 emission reduction technology is an international frontier research hotspot and high-tech competition focus on the field of greenhouse gas control, and is of great significance to the development of low-carbon economy, energy conservation and emission reduction in China.In order to promote the popularization and application of microalgae fixing flue gas CO2 technology in the whole country, an interaction functional model of meteorological factors such as light intensity, average temperature and sunshine duration on the CO2 fixation ability from coal-fired power plant by microalgae was simulated, based on the experimental data of CO2 fixation rate at Ordos Spirulina Cultivation Base, Inner Mongolia. By means of geospatial display, global spatial autocorrelation, and local spatial autocorrelation, the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of microalgae's potential to fix CO2 in flue gas in 361 administrative division research units across the country were explored and analyzed. The results showed that:① In the aspect of influencing factors of CO2 fixation rate by microalgae, the effect of light intensity on the CO2 fixation rate by microalgae is the highest,followed by the average temperature and the weakest sunshine duration.② From the perspective of temporal and spatial variation, the CO2 fixation ability from coal-fired power plant by microalgae in different administrative divisions in China presents the characteristics of “great potential in summer and autumn but small potential in winter and spring”. ③ From the perspective of spatial differentiation law and agglomeration characteristics, the CO2 potential of microalgae to fix flue gas in different time periods in different regions presents a spatial pattern of differential distribution, and shows different trends in different regions; In terms of spatial agglomeration characteristics, the CO2 fixation ability from coal-fired power plant by microalgae presents the characteristics of “high-high agglomeration” and “low-low agglomeration”. In this paper, the temporal and spatial pattern and influencing factors of CO2 fixation potential by microalgae in China were comprehensively analyzed, which has guiding significance for the widespread promotion of this technology in China.