基于分布式光纤的松散含水层失水沉降规律研究

徐良骥; 曹宗友; 刘潇鹏; 张坤; 刘永琪

doi:10.13199/j.cnki.cst.2022-1888

基于分布式光纤的松散含水层失水沉降规律研究

徐良骥^{1, 3,},
曹宗友^{1, 2, 4, 5},
刘潇鹏^{1, 2, 4, 5},
张坤^{1, 2, ,},
刘永琪^{1, 2, 4, 5}

1.
安徽理工大学深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室, 安徽淮南　232001
2.
安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院, 安徽淮南　232001
3.
合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院, 安徽合肥　230031
4.
矿山采动灾害空天地协同监测与预警安徽普通高校重点实验室, 安徽淮南　232001
5.
安徽理工大学矿区环境与灾害协同监测煤炭行业工程研究中心, 安徽淮南　232001

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金青年资助项目（52104172）；安徽省重点研究与开发计划资助项目（2022h11020024）；国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目（SKLMRDPC21KF19）

详细信息

作者简介:
徐良骥: （1978—），男，安徽潜山人，教授，博士生导师。E-mail：ljxu@aust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张坤: （1985—），男，陕西铜川人，讲师，博士。E-mail：chzk@aust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TD327
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-11
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-19

Study on water loss settlement law of loose aquifer based on distributed optical fiber

XU Liangji^{1, 3,},
CAO Zongyou^{1, 2, 4, 5},
LIU Xiaopeng^{1, 2, 4, 5},
ZHANG Kun^{1, 2, ,},
LIU Yongqi^{1, 2, 4, 5}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
2.
School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
3.
Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230031, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Aviation-aerospace-ground Cooperative Monitoring and Early Warning of Coal Mining-induced Disasters of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan 232001, China
5.
Coal Industry Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China（52104172）； Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province (2022h11020024); Open Fund of State Key Laboratory (SKLMRDPC21KF19)

摘要

摘要:
煤矿开采扰动间接引起的地下水散失会使松散层压缩，造成地表沉降，威胁煤矿安全生产。为深入分析此类非采动因素对松散含水层失水沉降的影响，根据已有的地质水文资料将研究区松散层自上而下划分为一含、一隔、二含、二隔、三含、三隔和四含。利用分布式光纤监测技术、水文观测技术和土力学实验对研究区域松散含水层进行全面观测，分析了非采动情形下各层位的形变特征，探究了深层隔水层的黏土弱化规律，明确了深层含水层形变量和该层位水头高度变化之间的关系。结果表明：①四含及上部部分隔水层持续压缩是造成研究区域地表沉降的主要原因。对地层形变贡献最大的两个层位分别为四含和一含，其中一含形变具有季节性特征，春季夏季抬升，秋季冬季沉降，而四含则在观测周期内呈持续沉降态势。②结合布设水文孔、分布式光纤和土力学实验，实现了对目标层位黏土弱化程度的监测，研究区四含上覆黏土层受四含地下水的影响产生黏土弱化，其弱化程度与埋深成反比，与地下水流通性成正比，黏土层弱化将导致含水层顶部隔水层压缩，加剧地表沉降。③四含形变与四含层位水头高度变化的趋势一致，两者呈线性关系，观测结果与理论计算结果相符，表明四含失水是造成四含压缩形变的主要原因。
- 分布式光纤 /
- 非采动沉降 /
- 隔水层黏土弱化 /
- 松散含水层 /
- 失水压缩
Abstract:
Indirect water loss caused by disturbance from coal mining can cause compression of loose layers and surface subsidence, which poses a threat to coal mine safety. To analyze the effects of such non-mining factors on water loss and subsidence of loose aquifers, the study area was divided into seven layers from top to bottom based on existing geological and hydrological data. Using distributed fiber optic monitoring technology, hydrological observation techniques, and soil mechanics experiments, the loose aquifer in the study area was comprehensively observed and the deformation characteristics of each layer under non-mining conditions were analyzed. The weakening law of the deep aquitard was explored, and the relationship between the deformation of the deep aquifer and the water head height of that layer was determined. The results show that: ① continuous compression of the fourth aquifer and its upper part of the aquitard is the main cause of surface subsidence in the study area. The two layers that contribute the most to the deformation of the strata are the fourth and first aquifers, with the latter showing seasonal deformation characteristics. The fourth aquifer exhibits a continuous subsidence trend during the observation period. ② By combining hydrological boreholes, distributed fiber optic and soil mechanics experiments, monitoring of the degree of clay weakening of the target layer was achieved. The clay layer above the fourth aquifer in the study area is weakened by the impact of the groundwater in the fourth aquifer. The degree of weakening is inversely proportional to the burial depth and directly proportional to the permeability of the groundwater, and the weakening of the clay layer will cause compression of the aquitard at the top of the aquifer and exacerbate surface subsidence. ③ The deformation of the fourth aquifer is consistent with the trend of changes in the water head of the fourth aquifer, and the two are linearly related. The observation results are in agreement with the theoretical calculation results, indicating that water loss from the fourth aquifer is the main cause of its compression deformation.
- distributed optical fiber /
- non-mining subsidence /
- clay weakening /
- losse aquifer /
- loose compression

HTML全文

图 1 研究区、光纤观测孔和水文观测孔位置

Figure 1. Location of study area, optical fiber observation hole and hydrological observation hole

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 光纤设备选型

Figure 2. Fiber optic equipment selection

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图 3 光纤观测数据差值

Figure 3. Optical fiber observation data difference

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图 4 各地层形变量

Figure 4. Deformation of each layer

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图 5 水头变化与层位形变量

Figure 5. Change of water head and horizon deformation

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图 6 观测期间地下流场变化

Figure 6. Changes in groundwater level during the observation period

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图 7 四含形变与四含水头高度拟合

Figure 7. Fitting of four-water deformation and four-water head height

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表 1 研究区域地层划分

Table 1 Stratigraphic division of the study area

层位	厚度/m	累计深度/m
一含	35.45	35.45
一隔	29.01	64.55
二含	18.85	83.40
二隔	28.05	111.45
三含	30.02	141.65
三隔	82.65	224.30
四含	7.08	232.10

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表 2 商用fTB2505型 BOFDA光纤解调仪参数

Table 2 Parameters of commercial fTB2505 BOFDA fiber optic interrogator

参数	取值	参数	取值
最大监测范围/dB	>20	最高采样分辨率/m	0.05
光纤类型	单模	应变测试重复性/10⁻⁶	$ \leqslant \pm 4 $
最高空间分辨率/m	0.2	频率扫描范围/GHz	9.9～13.0
应变测试精度/10⁻⁶	<2	接口	以太网
应变测试范围/10⁻⁶	−30000～ 30000	光输出接口	E-2000, APC
最大测试量程/km	50	数据输出格式	Binary, ASCII

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表 3 各层位土力学试验结果

Table 3 Experimental results of soil mechanics at each layer

层位		埋深/m	平均含水率/%	平均密度/ $({\rm{kg}}·{\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}}^{-3})$	平均初始孔隙比	平均压缩系数	平均压缩模量
三隔	层a	205～210	16.5	2.32	0.36	0.11	10.84
	层b	210～213	18.8	2.04	0.58	0.02	5.15
	层c	213～216	9.7	2.17	0.37	0.01	10.28
	层d	216～220	11.5	2.39	0.26	0.01	10.38
四含		224.5～232.1	16	2.25	0.39	0.02	5.48

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