Energy storage via storing flood in abandoned mines and low temperature heat energy utilization from mine water
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摘要:
废弃矿井地下空间利用是煤炭行业重点支持的方向。将地下空间利用、汛期蓄洪和冬季供热相结合，提出了基于地面引水蓄洪、井下蓄水储能和热泵取热技术的废弃矿井蓄洪储能与取热综合利用模式，阐述了该模式的概念、关键技术和科学问题；分析了我国废弃矿井分布及其与降水量分布之间的关系，论证了废弃矿井地下空间的蓄洪储能潜力。研究发现，安徽、河南、山东等13个省份的废弃矿井地下空间近6 000万m3，可储存约6个西湖的水量，适宜开展废弃矿井地下蓄洪储能和取热的工程示范。其中，仅淮南矿区5个废弃矿井的地下空间资源高达30万m3，储能量达94 500 GJ，可满足21万m2的建筑供暖需求。以旗山矿为例，设计了地面引水沟渠布置、井下储水空间布置以及矿井水提取和利用等方案，初步测算旗山矿蓄洪储能方案的供热功率可达6 835 kW，可为13.67万m2的建筑供暖，减少二氧化碳排放量约5 330 t，经济效益达350.75万元，初步论证了废弃矿井地下空间蓄洪储能的可行性。废弃矿井蓄洪储能与取热综合利用模式既可有效利用废弃矿井地下空间，还可以缓解汛期的局部洪涝灾害，并开发矿井水中的低品位清洁热能，对提高废弃矿井地下空间利用的附加值和推进废弃矿井地下空间利用有一定意义。
Abstract:The utilization of underground space in abandoned mines is a key direction supported by the coal industry. By combining underground space utilization, flood storage, and heat supply in winter, this paper proposes a comprehensive utilization model of flood storage and heat extraction in the abandoned mine, based on three technologies: ground flood diversion, underground flood storage and heat pump. This paper addresses the concept, key technologies and scientific issues of the model. The distribution of abandoned mines in China and its relationship with precipitation distribution were analyzed. The potential for flood and energy storage in abandoned mine was also studied. Results showed that 13 provinces, including Anhui, Henan, and Shandong province, can utilize approximately 60 million cubic meters of underground space and store nearly 6 volumes of West Lake water, making it suitable for engineering demonstration of flood storage and heat extraction in abandoned mines. Among them, five abandoned mines in Huainan mining area can utilize approximately 300 000 cubic meters of underground space, with energy storage capacity of up to 94 500 GJ that can meet the heating demand of 210 000 square meters. Taking Qishan Mine as an example, a scheme was designed based on ground flood diversion and storage, underground water storage, and mine water extraction and utilization. According to preliminary calculations, the heating power of Qishan Mine can reach 6 835 kW which can provide heating for 136 700 square meters of buildings, reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 5 330 tons, and save 3.507 5 million yuan. This demonstrates the feasibility of flood and energy storage in abandoned underground space. Research showed that the comprehensive utilization model of flood storage, energy storage, and heat extraction in abandoned mines can not only effectively utilize the underground space of abandoned mines but also alleviate local flood disasters during the flood season. It can develop low-grade clean energy in mine water and has certain significance in improving the added value of underground space utilization in abandoned mines and promoting the utilization of underground space in abandoned mines.
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Keywords:
- abandoned mine /
- flood storage /
- energy storage /
- geothermal energy /
- heating
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图 1 废弃矿井蓄洪储能与取热系统示意
Figure 1. Flood and energy storage in abandoned mines and heat extraction system
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图 2 部分省份废弃矿井地下空间与年降水量分布
Figure 2. Underground space of abandoned mines and annual precipitation distribution in some provinces
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表 1 安徽部分矿井开采深度与地温
Table 1 Mining depth and ground temperature of some mines in Anhui Province
矿井 采深/m 最高岩温/℃ 备注 张集矿 1260 51.5 生产 顾桥矿 996 43.8 生产 潘三矿 962 54.8 生产 丁集矿 1075 52.7 生产 谢桥矿 720 41.1 生产 刘庄矿 900 45.2 生产 潘一东矿 1040 46.1 废弃 新庄孜煤矿 870 40.7 废弃 新集三矿 700 36.3 废弃 李嘴孜煤矿 548 36.8 废弃 谢家集一矿 660 39.7 废弃 
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表 2 矿井水源热泵机组运行效益对比
Table 2 Operating benefits comparison of mine water source heat pump units
序号 项目 金额/万元 备注 蒸汽 热泵 1 折旧费用 0 25.95 总投资的3% 2 维修费用 1.8 9.6 总投资的1% 3 工人工资 9.6 9.6 4人，每人每月
2000元4 电费 24.5 170 — 5 蒸汽费用 506 0 — 6 碳交易收益 0 −24.0 热泵为碳减排 累计 541.9 191.15
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