Optimization of cross-sectional shape and support parameters of headgate in fully mechanized coal seam with large dip angle and close distance
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摘要:
针对大倾角近距离煤层巷道在多次剧烈采动作用下，巷道围岩频繁出现非对称变形破坏致使围岩控制困难的问题，以代池坝煤矿31233运输巷为工程背景，通过理论分析、数值模拟、现场监测等综合研究方法，研究了大倾角近距离煤层开采下3种断面形状巷道围岩变形破坏机理，进一步确定并优化了最佳非对称屋顶形巷道断面形状。研究结果表明：在大倾角近距离煤层剧烈采动情况下，无论巷道断面形状如何变化，其围岩破坏形态均呈现为最大破坏深度位置朝向顶板，且由于靠近上层工作面区域内塑性区扩展应力敏感性较强，导致该区域塑性区范围和深度达到最大，但3种断面形状巷道整体围岩破坏规律和塑性区分布范围有着明显差别；与拱形巷道、斜顶直角梯形巷道不同的是，非对称屋顶形巷道可根据巷道围岩条件变化来改变左帮、右帮高度以及左坡顶、右坡顶角度，使得巷道围岩整体应力分布趋于合理化，提升围岩破坏可控性的同时提高了巷道断面利用率。据此，提出了基于巷道围岩塑性区分布的非均匀控制方法，并进行了现场工程应用，优化断面形状前后技术经济指标对比结果表明非均匀支护方式对控制围岩变形效果明显，研究结果可为同类型大倾角近距离煤层巷道断面形状选择与支护设计优化提供有效科学依据。
Abstract:Aiming at the problem that the asymmetric deformation and failure of surrounding rock frequently occur, making it difficult to control the surrounding rock under the conditions of multiple intense mining actions in thecoal seam with large dip angle and close distance. Taking the headgate 31233 in Daichiba Coal Mine as the engineering background, the mechanism of surrounding rock deformation and failure in roadways with three cross-sectional shapes under thecoal seam with large dip angle and close distance was studied through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and on-site monitoring. The optimal asymmetric roof shaped roadway cross-sectional shape was further determined and optimized. The research results indicate that under the conditions of intense mining of steeply inclined coal seams, regardless of how the roadway cross-section changes, the form of surrounding rock failure always exhibits the maximum depth of failure towards the roof, and due to the strong stress sensitivity of the plastic zone near the upper working face area, the range and depth of the plastic zone reach a maximum, However, there are significant differences in the overall failure patterns and distribution ranges of the plastic zone among the three cross-sectional shapes. In contrast to arch roadway and inclined roof right trapezoidal roadway, the asymmetric roof shaped roadway can adjust the height of the left and right sides as well as the angles of the left and right slope tops in response to changes in surrounding rock conditions. This adjustment leads to a more rational overall stress distribution within the surrounding rock of the roadway, enhances the controllability of rock failure, and improves the utilization rate of the roadway cross-section. Based on the distribution of the plastic zone in the surrounding rock, an uneven control method is proposed, and engineering applications are conducted. The comparison of technical and economic indicators before and after optimizing the cross-section shape indicates that the uneven support method significantly improves the control over surrounding rock deformation. The research results provide an effective scientific basis for the selection of cross-sectional shapes and the optimization of support designs for similar roadways inthecoal seam with large dip angle and close distance.
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图 1 代池坝矿31233运输巷岩层结构钻孔柱状
Figure 1. Borehole column diagram of rock structure of headgate31233 in Daichiba Coal Mine
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图 2 31233工作面与31133工作面、31135工作面空间分布
Figure 2. Space distribution between 31233 working face, 31133 working face, and 31135 working face
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图 3 31233运输巷非对称变形
注：图中1、2、3分别指代31233运输巷不同的变形位置。
Figure 3. Asymmetric deformation of the haulage roadway 31233
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图 6 斜顶直角梯形巷道与拱形巷道围岩受力对比
注：F2'为顶板左角位置处受到的垂直压力。
Figure 6. Comparison of surrounding rock forces in inclined roof right trapezoidal roadway and arch roadway
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图 7 非对称屋顶形巷道受力状态分析
Figure 7. Analysis of stress state of asymmetric roof shaped roadway
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图 9 不同应力条件下3种巷道断面形状围岩塑性区分布
Figure 9. Distribution of plastic zones in surrounding rock of three different roadway cross-section shapes under different stress conditions
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图 10 优化后非对称屋顶形巷道围岩塑性区分布
Figure 10. Optimizing distribution of plastic zone in surrounding rock of asymmetric roof shaped roadway with optimized
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图 11 优化断面形状后非均匀支护参数设计
Figure 11. Design of non-uniform support parameters after optimizing cross-sectional shape
表 1 煤岩物理力学参数
Table 1 Physical and mechanical parameters of coal and rock
岩性 密度/
（kg·m−3）体积模量/
GPa剪切模量/
GPa黏聚力/
MPa内摩擦角/
（°）11号煤 1 880 2.51 3.34 3.9 28 炭质泥岩 1 940 2.65 3.40 4.2 30 11号煤 1 880 2.51 3.34 3.9 28 泥质粉砂岩 2 140 2.88 3.41 5.2 33 细粒砂岩 2 900 3.34 4.52 8.0 41 泥质粉砂岩 2 140 2.88 3.41 5.2 33 炭质泥岩 1 940 2.65 3.40 4.2 30 12−1号煤 1 880 2.51 3.34 3.9 28 夹矸 2 330 3.05 4.39 6.2 35 12−2号煤 1 880 2.51 3.34 3.9 28 泥质粉砂岩 2 140 2.88 3.41 5.2 33 炭质泥岩 1 940 2.65 3.40 4.2 30 
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表 2 优化断面形状前后技术经济指标对比
Table 2 Comparison of technical and economic indicators before and after optimizing cross-sectional shape
阶段 左帮变形量/
mm左坡顶变形量/
mm右坡顶变形量/
mm巷道日掘进量/
m每百米锚杆用量/根 每百米锚索用量/根 200 m
巷道维
修量/m优化前 164 202 139 5.2 1 100 325 114 优化后 121 120 112 6.0 570 260 75
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表 3 优化断面形状前后技术经济指标变化率
Table 3 Change rate of technical and economic indicators before and after optimizing cross-sectional shape
指标 左帮
变形量左坡
顶变
形量右坡
顶变
形量巷道
日掘
进量每百米
锚杆
用量每百米
锚索
用量200 m
巷道
维修量变化率/% 26 41 19 15 48 20 34
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