Research progress in preparation of mine fire prevention composite gel from solid waste
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摘要:
我国工业固体废弃物排放量大，容易对生态环境造成破坏并威胁人类健康，工业固体废弃物的资源化再利用已引起社会的广泛关注。根据固体废弃物的潜在防灭火特性，其可以作为原材料用于制备矿用防灭火复合凝胶，在实现废弃资源循环再利用的同时还能达到防治煤矿自燃火灾的目的。为了进一步推动工业固体废弃物在矿用防灭火复合凝胶材料中的资源化利用，完善和发展其在煤矿火灾防治中的应用，总结了矿用防灭火复合凝胶的防灭火机理，归纳了固体废弃物的防灭火特性，讨论了固体废弃物制备矿用防灭火复合凝胶的成胶机理和影响因素，阐述了矿用防灭火复合凝胶的注胶工艺及应用现状。基于当前的研究，发现固体废弃物复合凝胶的成胶机理不明确、固体废弃物胶凝活性未有效激发、固体废弃物复合凝胶的运输过程存在沉淀管堵以及固体废弃物应用时的安全性等问题，针对性提出了解决方向，如微尺度模拟、复合激活、新型激活材料、智能化注胶及离子固化等。并在以上解决方向基础上展望了今后固体废弃物制备矿用防灭火复合凝胶的研究重点，未来将围绕固体废弃物在制备防灭火复合凝胶的高效利用、固体废弃物复合凝胶的长效防灭火、智能凝胶防灭火监控一体化系统等展开研究。这些研究方向有助于工业固体废弃物在矿用防灭火复合凝胶材料方面的高附加值利用，并规模化用于煤矿自燃火灾的防治，保障国家财产及工人生命安全。
Abstract:The discharge of industrial solid waste in China is large, which is easy to cause damage to the ecological environment and threaten human health, so the resource reuse of industrial solid waste has aroused widespread concern in society. According to the potential fire prevention and extinguishing characteristics of the solid waste, the solid waste can be used as a raw material for preparing the mine fire prevention and extinguishing composite gel, so that the recycling of the waste resource can be realized, and the purpose of preventing and controlling the spontaneous combustion fire of the coal mine can also be achieved. In order to further promote the resource utilization of industrial solid waste in mine fire prevention and extinguishing composite gel materials, and improve and develop its application in mine fire prevention and control, the fire prevention and extinguishing mechanism of mine fire prevention and extinguishing composite gel was summarized, the fire prevention and extinguishing characteristics of solid waste were summarized, and the gelling mechanism and influencing factors of mine fire prevention and extinguishing composite gel prepared by solid waste were discussed. This paper expounds the glue-injecting technology and the present application situation of the compound gel for mine fire prevention and extinguishing. In view of the current research, it is found that the gelling mechanism of solid waste composite gel is not clear, the gelling activity of solid waste is not effectively stimulated, the sedimentation tube is blocked in the transportation process of solid waste composite gel, and the safety of solid waste application, and the solution direction and future research focus are put forward. Uch as micro-scale simulation, composite activation, novel activation materials, intelligent glue injection, ionic curing and the like. On the basis of the above solutions, the future research focus of the preparation of mine fire prevention and extinguishing composite gel from solid waste is prospected, and the future research will focus on the efficient utilization of solid waste in the preparation of fire prevention and extinguishing composite gel, the long-term fire prevention and extinguishment of solid waste composite gel, and the integrated monitoring system of intelligent gel fire prevention. These research directions are conducive to the high value-added utilization of industrial solid waste in mine fire prevention and extinguishing composite gel materials, and large-scale use in the prevention and control of coal mine spontaneous combustion fires, to ensure the safety of national property and worker’lives.
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图 1 凝胶保水降温示意
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of gel water retention and temperature reduction
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图 4 防灭火复合凝胶成胶机理
Figure 4. Mechanism of gel formation in fire-prevention composite gels
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