Cooperative exploration methods of coal and uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata
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摘要:
煤与煤系铀矿产协同勘查已成为矿产资源勘查的重要方向，为提高找矿效率和节约勘查成本，基于煤与煤系铀矿产的基本特征、勘查技术方法的有效性和勘查工程布置的经济性，分析了煤与煤系铀矿产赋存的基本特征。研究表明：① 分析了煤系铀矿产的基本特征，煤系中煤层和铀矿产表现为下煤上铀(煤系砂岩型铀矿)或铀煤同层产出(煤型铀矿)的空间分布关系，煤中铀主要的赋存方式为有机质螯合或束缚，砂岩中的铀主要的赋存方式为铀矿物、吸附铀和含铀矿物。② 基于煤系铀矿产勘查技术手段的有效性，提出了煤炭勘查工作已完成区和煤与煤系铀矿产勘查新区2种情况下的煤与煤系铀矿产协同勘查技术手段：在煤炭勘查工作已完成区，充分利用煤炭勘查资料，筛选自然伽马测井曲线高异常层段和区域，利用γ能谱测井验证煤系铀矿化信息，圈定煤系铀矿的普查区，按照煤系铀矿勘查技术手段分阶段选择相应的技术手段；在煤与煤系铀矿产勘查新区，煤与煤系铀矿产协同勘查技术手段在煤炭勘查技术手段的基础上，增加对煤系铀矿有效响应的放射性技术手段(γ能谱测井、氡及其子体测量)、岩心编录、穿透性地球化学等技术手段。③ 探讨了煤与煤系铀矿产协同勘查工程布置，按照煤、铀矿勘查规范，遵循“协同设计、协同部署、协同施工”的原则，分2种情况开展煤与煤系铀矿产的协同勘查布置：在煤炭勘查工作已完成区，筛选自然伽马测井曲线高异常层段和区域部署施工验证孔，圈定煤系铀矿的普查区，按照煤系铀矿勘查规范分阶段进行勘查工程布置；在煤与煤系铀矿产勘查新区，开展煤与煤系铀矿协同勘查，首先在整个勘查区内寻找煤炭资源，布置煤炭勘查工程，在自然伽马测井曲线高异常层段和区域圈出煤系铀矿靶区，在煤系铀矿靶区以寻找煤系铀矿为主，开展煤系铀矿勘查工程实施。④ 基于协同勘查技术手段的有效性和协同勘查成本的经济性，从煤与煤系铀矿产的协同勘查技术手段和协同勘查工程布置方面构建了煤与煤系铀矿产协同勘查模型，为煤与煤系铀矿产协同勘查工作提供理论基础和方法依据。
Abstract:The cooperative exploration of coal and uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata has become a significant direction in the research for mineral resources, in order to improve the exploration efficiency,and save the exploration cost, the basic characteristics of coal and uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata production and occurrence are analyzed, the selection of technical means and the layout of cooperative exploration are discussed, and the cooperative exploration model of coal and uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata is constructed. The research indicates that: ① The basic characteristics of uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata are analyzed, in coal-bearing strata, the spatial distribution of coal seams and uranium deposits is characterized by uranium deposits overlying coal seams (sandstone-type uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata) or alternating coal and uranium deposits (coal-rock type uranium deposits). The primary form of uranium occurrence in coal is through organic chelation or binding, whereas in sandstone, uranium mainly exists as uranium minerals, adsorbed uranium, or uranium-containing minerals. ② According to the effectiveness of coal-bearing strata uranium deposits exploration technology means, coal and uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata exploration technology means can be divided into two situations. In the completed coal exploration area, utilize the coal exploration data effectively to identify high-anomaly strata and regions based on the natural gamma logging curve, verify the uranium mineralization information of the coal measures using γ energy spectrum logging, delineate the survey area for coal measures uranium deposits, and select appropriate technical methods in phases in accordance with the technical requirements for coal measures uranium exploration. In the new area of coal and uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata exploration, the cooperative exploration technology of coal and uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata has added the effective response of radioactive technology (γ-energy spectrum logging, radon and its daughter measurement), core cataloging, penetrating geochemistry and other technical methods. ③ The layout of cooperative exploration of coal and uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata is discussed, in accordance with the standards of coal and uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata exploration and the principle of “cooperative design, cooperative deployment and cooperative construction”, the cooperative exploration of coal and uranium deposits is carried out in two situations. In the area where the coal exploration work has been completed, the high abnormal strata of natural gamma logging curves and the regional deployment of construction verification holes are selected, the survey areas of coal measure uranium deposits are delineated, and the exploration engineering is arranged in stages according to the coal measure uranium exploration standard. In the new exploration area of coal and uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata, cooperative exploration of coal and coal-bearing uranium deposits should be carried out. First, coal resources should be sought in the whole exploration area, coal exploration engineering should be arranged, and coal bearing uranium targets should be delineated in the high abnormal intervals and regions of natural gamma logging curves. Secondly, in the target area of uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata, the exploration project of uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata is mainly carried out to find uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata. ④ Based on the effectiveness of cooperative exploration technical means and the economy of cooperative exploration cost, a cooperative exploration model of coal and uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata is constructed from the aspects of cooperative exploration technical means and cooperative exploration engineering layout, which provides theoretical and methodological basis for cooperative exploration of coal and coal-measure uranium ore production.
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图 1 煤和煤系铀矿勘查技术手段
Figure 1. Exploration techniques for coal and coal-bearing uranium deposits
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图 2 煤与煤系铀矿产协同勘查模型
Figure 2. Cooperative exploration model of coal and uranium deposits in coal-bearing strata
表 1 煤和煤系铀矿床勘查工程间距(控制资源量线距)
Table 1 Spacing of exploration projects for coal and coal-bearing uranium deposits (Indicated resources line spacing)
m 煤 煤系铀矿床 勘查类型 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 勘查类型 煤系砂岩型铀矿床 煤型铀矿床 全区及大部分可采煤层 局部可采煤层 走向 倾向 走向 倾向 一 1 000～2 000 500～1 000 375 250 Ⅰ 800～400 200～100 100～200 100～200 二 500～1 000 500～ 1000 Ⅱ 200 100～50 100 100 三 250～500 250～500 Ⅲ 200 50～25 50～100 50～100 
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