Research and application of intelligent control technology for dust control parameters in fully mechanized excavation working face of coal mines

To address the technical challenge of manually adjusting dust control parameters in long-term the fully mechanized excavation working face, which leads to an inability to sustain optimal dust suppression effects, this paper adopts a research approach combining theoretical analysis, laboratory experiments, and on-site mining tests. It investigates the monitoring methods for the optimal dust control parameters—axial and radial airflow, as well as the distance between axial and radial air outlets and the coal wall—along with the intelligent regulation algorithms and mechanisms for axial and radial airflow control parameters. The study concludes with an intelligent regulation technology for axial and radial airflow that couples online monitoring of total dust control airflow and axial airflow with automatic adjustment of axial ventilation area. Additionally, it develops an intelligent regulation technology for the distance between axial and radial air outlets and the coal wall, which integrates laser sensor ranging with adaptive movement of pneumatic single-rail hoist sliding carts to adjust the air outlet positions. These advancements solve the persistent challenge of ensuring optimal dust control parameters in the fully mechanized excavation working face. Laboratory and on-site mining tests demonstrate that the intelligent adjustable range for the ratio of axial to radial airflow in the fully mechanized excavation working face is 0.29−2.94, with an intelligent regulation error of −0.09−0.04 m for the distance between axial and radial air outlets and the coal wall. When the optimal dust control parameter ratio of axial to radial airflow is 0.3, and the distances between axial and radial air outlets and the coal wall are 6 m and 16 m respectively, the dust suppression efficiency at the fully mechanized excavation operator's position and 10 m behind the machine consistently maintains 97.0%−97.5% and 96.4%−97.1%, achieving an average dust suppression efficiency of 97.2% and 96.8% in the working face. These results yield effective dust control outcomes, providing a new intelligent parameter regulation technology for managing occupational dust hazards in coal mining fully mechanized excavation working face.