Active and passive full-space collaborative control technology and engineering application in deep roadways

Due to the complex environment and ground stress at depth, and the various cross-sectional shapes and sizes, the damage types of deep roadways are diversified. The maximum ground stress, maximum compressive strength, and the corresponding support methods are compared by systematically analyzing the influence of high stress and dynamic pressure on the deep weak surrounding rock of roadways. And the stress intensity ratio is proposed to evaluate the support difficulty of surrounding rock of roadways. Then, the concept of active-passive full space collaborative control is proposed, and the core of the concept is to control the deformation of the roadway through active support methods such as destressing, grouting and bolt-cable to bring the self-supporting capacity of the surrounding rock of roadway into play, forming an active support body, and restoring its partial bearing capacity. Using passive support methods such as concrete-filled steel tube sets and U-shaped steel sets with high support resistance to form a passive support ring to assist or mobilize the bearing capacity of the rock surrounding roadways. Additionally, the mechanical mechanism of the collaborative support for concrete-filled steel tube sets and bolt-cable were analyzed, and the active-passive full space collaborative control technology and construction technique were developed and applied in the field. The study shows that the bolt-cable can reduce the bending moment and shear force of the concrete-filled steel tube sets, while reducing the axial force of the support and protecting the steel tube and the core concrete with poor tensile properties. The active-passive full space cooperative control technology has been successfully applied in deep roadway subjected to dynamic pressure and weak rock roadway in Jincheng Hudi Coal Mine and Yangquan Xinyuan Coal Mine, which has further developed the theory and technology of equal-strength support in deep roadway.