Research progress of biological improvement of reclaimed soil in coal mining area

Coal mining activties have caused serious environmental problems，and a large number of subsidence areas and abandoned areas are in urgent need of reclamation.Soil improvement is the key and basis of land reclamation.Most of China’s coal mining is concentrated in the arid and semi-arid regions of western China.After the coal mining disturbance，the land is extremely degraded and the natural recovery is difficult.The recovery by artificial means is the main research direction.The key points of artificial restoration are the improvement of soil，the improvement of soil fertility， the improvement of soil structure， and the enrichment of microbial functional groups， thereby improving the efficiency of artificial recovery.The article reviews the biological amelioration connotation and the influencing factors of soil improvement in the mining area，the effects of vegetation restoration and microbial restoration on soil improvement，and the monitoring research of soil and vegetation by hyperspectral remote sensing.The authors summarize the current soil changes，influencing factors，and mechanism under natural succession and artificial succession，the changes of vegetation and microorganisms with reclamation and their contribution to soil improvement，the application of microbial technology in land reclamation，and hyperspectral remote sensing application of technology in rapid non-destructive monitoring of soil and vegetation.The results show that the relationship between vegetation restoration，microbial community function，and soil improvement is mutually reinforcing.Artificial reclamation can accelerate the rate of vegetation restoration，thereby increasing the optimization of soil structure and nutrient accumulation，and promoting the activity of microorganisms and soil enzymes.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi represented by mycorrhizal fungi can significantly promote the growth and physiological characteristics of plants in the reclamation area.The application of microbial technology is an effective and efficient means of artificial ecological restoration.Hyperspectral technology has been widely used in soil quality and vegetation growth，which has far-reaching practical significance for the sustainable development of the ecological environment in mining areas.