Review of research on definition, distribution and causes of abnormal coalbed methane composition
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摘要:
前期对不同煤层气组分异常的成因进行了大量研究，但对不同组分异常浓度的界定尚无统一标准。为了阐明我国煤层气成分的分布特征及煤层气异常成分的浓度界限，基于实测和收集各煤阶储层煤层气成分（含气量达到煤层气储量评估规范DZ/T 0216—2020下限要求的煤层气井与煤田勘探钻孔）测试数据4 654个。统计表明我国煤层气中CH4、重烃气（C2+）、CO2、N2平均浓度分别为91.82%、0.85%、2.04%、5.19%，其中CH4浓度≥90%占77.44%。将煤层气中重烃气浓度大于5%、氮气/二氧化碳浓度大于10%、有害气体浓度超过《煤矿安全规程》规定的上限标准和稀有气体超过空气组成时划分为异常气体成分。基于此划分标准，统计表明我国煤层气中重烃气浓度>5%占5.16%、CO2浓度>10%占4.00%、N2浓度>10%占13.26%，准噶尔盆地南缘煤层气中氦气最高浓度达到0.97%。在上述研究的基础上，归纳总结了煤层气中异常成分/浓度的成因主要有煤化作用的阶段性、煤岩组分的差异性、硫酸盐还原作用、古风化壳及煤系外源气体迁入等。建议在今后的煤层气勘探中测全气体成分，开展CO2、N2异常煤层的气体解吸研究，确定煤系氦源岩，探讨烃-氦同源同储规律，分析煤系有机气与无机气的相互作用，综合研究地质构造、地下水流动、微生物及岩浆活动对气组分的改造作用，揭示不同气组分在不同地区运移、富集及保存的演化机制。研究成果对煤层气的开采工艺、煤矿安全生产和煤层气的利用均具有指导意义。
Abstract:Although many studies focusing on the causes of the abnormal concentration of different coalbed methane (CBM) compositions were conducted, the unified standard for defining the abnormal concentration of different components is still missed.To clarify the distribution of CBM composition in China and determine the concentration boundary of abnormal composition, based on 4654 measured and collected gas data from coalfield exploration boreholes and CBM wells, which meet the lower limit of CBM reserves estimation in the standard DZ/T 0216—2020. The statistical results showed that the average concentration of CH4, C2+, CO2, and N2 in CBM in China were 91.82%、0.85%、2.04% and 5.19%, respectively, and the proportion of CH4 concentration greater than 90% was 77.44%. It can be defined as abnormal gas composition meeting any of the following four conditions: the C2+ concentration is greater than 5%; the N2/CO2 concentration is greater than 10%; the harmful gas concentration exceeds the upper limit of coal mine safety regulations; the rare gas concentration exceeds that in air. Based on the definition, the results showed that the proportion of C2+ concentration greater than 5% is 5.16% in China and the CO2 concentration greater than 10% accounts for 4.00%. Moreover, the proportion of N2 concentration greater than 10% is 13.26%, and the maximum helium concentration in the southern Junggar Basin reaches 0.97%. Based on the above results, the causes of abnormal CBM composition/concentrations are summarized as the stages of coalification, the differences in coal petrography, sulfate reduction effect, ancient weathering crust, and the migration of gas outside the source. In the subsequent CBM exploration, it is suggested to determine the total gas composition; conduct the study focusing on the gas desorption in coal reservoirs with abnormal CO2 and N2 concentration; determine the helium source rock of coal measures and discuss the law of hydrocarbon helium source and reservoirs to analyze the interaction between organic gas and inorganic gas of coal measures; comprehensively clarify the transformation of geological structure, groundwater flow, microorganism and magmatic activity on gas components to reveal the evolution mechanism of migration, enrichment, and preservation of different gas components in different regions. The results provide a guide for CBM exploitation, coal mine safety production, and CBM utilization.
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0. 引 言
前期学者们普遍关注煤层气的数量，即煤层气的含量[1-3]，对煤层气的质量，即煤层气的化学组成研究相对薄弱。煤层气储量评估规范DZ/T 0216—2020规定了各煤类煤层气含量的下限标准，即低煤阶煤（褐煤−长焰煤）空气干燥基含气量为1 m3/t、中煤阶煤（气煤−瘦煤）为4 m3/t、高煤阶煤（贫煤−无烟煤）为8 m3/t，对煤层气成分未作要求，只是规定参与煤层气储量估算的煤层气含量测定值中应剔除浓度超过10%的非烃类气体成分[4]。
自20世纪八十年代起国内外学者对煤层气（瓦斯）组分异常的关注度逐渐提高，早前研究多集中于煤矿瓦斯，如澳大利亚鲍文盆地2号煤矿CO2突出与断层密切相关[5]、Collinsville Oaky Creek 和 Southern Colliery 等煤矿H2S异常与岩浆岩活动相关[6]、波兰下西里西亚煤矿瓦斯CO2浓度达97%[7]、我国峰峰矿区羊东井田F19断层附近CO2浓度高达86.72%[8]、山东枣庄八一煤矿瓦斯中H2S达到0.50%、CO达到0.0045%[9]、辽宁马架子煤田煤层气中重烃浓度达54.07%[10]，鄂东石楼区块煤层气研究中发现外围岩浆岩放射性元素异常衰变生成氦气通过断裂带进入煤层导致He异常[11]、美国Panhandle-Hugoton field深部幔源气通过岩浆运动或深大断裂运移并在浅部脱溶，形成N2或He气浓度异常[12]。
目前煤层气组分异常研究的思路较为相近，开展气组分异常区与正常区煤样自然解吸[13]、精细解吸[10]、热解模拟[14]及微生物产气模拟等[15]，收集气态产物，进行含气组分及C、H、O、N、S、He、Ar及Ne等元素及同位素测试，确定不同气组分成因[16]。前期多关注煤岩生烃组分[17]、煤化程度[18]、煤的孔隙结构及其吸附能力[10]等对气成分的影响，发展趋势是综合考虑地质构造、地下水流动、微生物与岩浆活动及有机气与无机气的相互作用等对原生气组分的改造作用。
煤层气化学组分影响煤层气的开发效果。新疆准南煤层气中CO2浓度高，开发效果相对较好[19]，而云南恩洪向斜重烃浓度高、黑龙江鹤岗盆地N2浓度偏高，开发效果相对较差[17, 20]。H2S、CO2等灾害性气体异常影响煤矿安全生产。我国近百对矿井瓦斯中出现H2S、CO2气体异常（表1）[21-23]，多对矿井造成人员伤亡事故[9, 24]。此外，少数矿井还出现过N2气窒息事故[25]。煤层气中稀有气体具有重要的经济价值，尤其氦气是国防军工和高科技产业发展不可或缺的稀有战略性资源。煤田地质勘探阶段煤层气成分通常只测试常规成分，对煤层气中氩和氦等稀有气体大多没有进行测试。
表 1 我国煤层气成分异常煤矿区或勘探区一览Table 1. List of coal mine areas or exploration areas with abnormal CBM composition in China异常气体成分 煤矿区或勘探区 H2S 新疆库车榆树田煤矿、奇台北山矿、沙湾县煤矿、铁厂沟煤矿、红沟煤矿、沙特布拉克煤矿、西山煤矿、乌东井田、碱沟煤矿、阜康煤矿区、大黄山煤矿、托克逊县煤矿、鄯善县七克台煤矿、吐鲁番七泉湖煤矿，内蒙阿拉善百灵煤矿、乌达煤矿区，宁夏石炭井煤矿、灵武双马煤矿，山西灵石铁新井田、太原炉峪口煤矿、古交西曲煤矿、长治慈林山煤矿、石圪节煤矿、晋城潘河煤层气田、凤凰山煤矿、晋牛煤矿，陕西神木柠条塔煤矿、华彬雅店煤矿、黄陵一号煤矿、彬长小庄煤矿、铜川崔家沟煤矿、澄合煤矿区，河北开平马家沟煤矿，山东枣庄八一矿、微山县崔庄煤矿、淄博亭南煤矿，河南鹤壁四矿、洛阳新安煤矿，四川宣汉乱石沟煤矿、华蓥山煤矿区、广安思源煤矿，湖南双峰新兴煤矿等 CO2 吉林营城煤矿、延边和龙煤矿，辽宁铁法大兴煤矿，新疆准南煤田，甘肃窑街煤矿区，山西大同煤矿区，河北宣东二矿、峰峰矿区羊东井田，安徽淮南矿区、淮北永固煤矿、北辰煤矿，贵州织纳煤田阿弓向斜 N2 黑龙江鹤岗煤矿区，江苏徐州垞城矿，山东枣庄柴里矿，河南平顶山一矿，安徽淮南矿区、淮北刘桥矿 C2+ 黑龙江鸡西煤矿、山西临县煤矿区、河北开滦煤田、唐山矿、河南濮阳、安徽淮南矿区和淮北石台、湖南邵东牛马司矿、江苏东风煤矿、浙江长广煤田和长兴煤山、辽宁北票煤矿区和马架子徐大沟矿、四川盆地的中梁山、天府、南桐矿区、重庆松藻煤矿、贵州六盘水煤田、黔北煤田、云南恩洪矿区 笔者统计了含气量达到煤层气储量评估规范DZ/T 0216—2020下限要求、煤层甲烷浓度大于50%的各煤级储层煤层气成分实测数据4654个，分别来自748口煤层气井和454口煤田勘探钻孔，其中低煤阶煤、中煤阶煤、高煤阶煤分别来自180、255、313口煤层气井和23、118、313口煤田勘探钻孔。数据分布于13省区，其中山西省数据3394个、新疆347个、贵州省322个、四川省162个、云南省124个、内蒙古112个、陕西省59个、安徽省45个、吉林省32个、黑龙江省30个、河北省14个、河南省7个、辽宁省6个。涵盖了东北、华北、华南、西北、滇藏全国五大聚煤区，也囊括了我国主要的聚煤期—晚石炭世−二叠纪、早−中侏罗世、晚白垩世，煤类齐全，包括褐煤、长焰煤、气煤、肥煤、焦煤、瘦煤、贫煤以及无烟煤。
分析了我国煤层气成分的分布特征，确定了煤层气异常成分的浓度界限，在新疆准噶尔盆地南缘采集了12份气样专门进行了氦气及其同位素测试。
1. 煤层气成分测试
煤层气成分包括烃类气体：甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷（除甲烷外统称为重烃气体，下文简写为C2+）；非烃类气体：氮气、二氧化碳、氢气、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、硫化氢以及微量的稀有气体（氦气、氖气、氩气、氪气等）。
我国煤层气成分检测始于标准MT/T 77—1984[26]，标准中规定气样浓度计算采用扣除空气法一直延用至今，MT/T 77—1994煤层气测定方法第一次把气体组分检测标准规定为“天然气的组成分析−气相色谱法GB/T 13610—1992”（MT/T 77—1984制订时还没有这个标准，最新标准为GB/T 13610—2020）[27-29]。煤田勘探钻孔煤样现场只解吸2 h[26-27]，一般不取气样，送实验室解吸时取2次气样，一是煤样粉碎前脱气采取（常温或加热阶段采取），二是粉碎后加热脱气采取（用于计算煤样粉碎后各气成分的含量），取第一次气样所测气成分扣除空气后归一化计算煤层气成分。气样是通过排水取气获得的，一方面CO2溶解度大，溶于水，测值偏低，另一方面含饱和水煤层气样直接进样测试气组分，总组分达不到100%（水分占有一定比例，GB/T 13610—2003采用先脱水再进样测试解决了这一问题[29]）。煤层气井现场在储层温度条件下解吸时间较长，持续到连续7 d每天平均解吸量小于或等于10 cm3时结束[30-32]，现场用气囊或气瓶采集3个气样（GB/T 19559—2004分别在解吸后4、24、96 h采取[30]，GB/T 19559—2008、GB/T 19559—2021分别在解吸后1、3、5 d采取[31-32]），煤层气各成分浓度取3次的平均值。现场解吸结束后送实验室将煤样粉碎后也是在储层温度条件下解吸，再采气样所测成分仅用于残余气各成分含量的计算。
2. 煤层气异常成分的界定
我国煤层气成分在垂向上的分布常沿用瓦斯的四带划分，即：CO2-N2带（CO2浓度：20%~10%，N2：80%~90%）、N2带（CH4<50%，N2>50%）、N2-CH4带（CH4：50%~70%，N2：50%~30%）及CH4带（CH4>80%）。
煤层气中异常气体成分无明确的界限。考虑煤层气中干气与湿气的划分、煤层气储量估算对煤层气成分的要求、《煤矿安全规程》规定及稀有气体的空气组成来分别界定煤层气中重烃、氮气/二氧化碳、硫化氢/一氧化碳及氩气/氦气/氢气异常。
煤层气中C2+浓度5%（体积分数，下同）是干气与湿气划分的界限，C2+浓度大于5%为湿气。因此，将煤层气中C2+浓度大于5%划分为C2+异常。煤层气资源/储量规范DZ/T 0216—2020规定参与煤层气储量估算的煤层气含量测定值中应剔除浓度超过10%的非烃类气体成分[4]。因此，将氮气/二氧化碳浓度大于10%划分为N2/CO2异常。此外，将有害气体浓度超过《煤矿安全规程》规定的上限标准（硫化氢浓度大于0.000 66%、一氧化碳浓度大于0.002 4%等）和稀有气体超过空气组成（氩气浓度大于0.934%、氦气浓度大于0.000 524%、氢气浓度大于0.000 5%）时称为异常浓度，超过上述浓度的煤层气成分称为异常成分。煤层气中异常成分/浓度赋存的区域称为煤层气成分/浓度异常区。
3. 我国煤层气成分分布特征
基于山西、安徽、贵州、河南、河北、云南、内蒙古、新疆、四川、陕西、黑龙江等地含气量达到煤层气储量评估规范DZ/T 0216—2020下限要求的各煤阶储层4 654个煤层气成分测试数据（煤层埋深介于96.3~1 448.0 m之间），统计分析表明实测
CH4、C2+、CO2、N2平均浓度分别为91.82%、0.85%、2.04%、5.19%，CH4浓度≥90%占77.44%，<60%仅占2.81%；C2+浓度<1%占85.32%，≥5%占5.16%；CO2浓度<5%占92.46%，≥10%占4.00%；N2浓度<5%占71.21%，≥10%占13.26%。（表2、图1）。
表 2 我国煤层气主要成分分布频率统计Table 2. Statistical on distribution frequency of major composition in CBM in China气体成分 分布参数 CH4 浓度区间/% <60 60~70 70~80 80~85 85~90 ≥90 样品数 131 121 173 229 396 3604 分布频率/% 2.81 2.6 3.72 4.92 8.51 77.44 C2+ 浓度区间/% <1 1~2 2~4 4~8 8~12 ≥12 样品数 3971 150 216 212 47 58 分布频率/% 85.32 3.22 4.64 4.56 1.01 1.25 CO2 浓度区间/% <5 5~10 10~15 15~20 20~25 ≥25 样品数 4303 165 55 41 45 45 分布频率/% 92.46 3.55 1.18 0.87 0.97 0.97 N2 浓度区间/% <5 5~10 10~15 15~20 20~25 ≥25 样品数 3314 723 262 153 43 159 分布频率/% 71.21 15.54 5.63 3.29 0.91 3.42 美国不同盆地不同煤阶煤的985个煤层气样中，CH4平均浓度为93.2%，C2+为2.6%，CO2为3.1%，N2为1.1%[33]，C2+平均浓度高于我国，N2低于我国，CH4与CO2相差不大。
4. 煤层气异常成分的成因研究进展
4.1 C2+异常
煤层气中C2+异常的成因有煤化作用阶段[34]、生气母质—显微煤岩组分[35-37]、油型气混入[38-39]、死孔封闭效应[40]等。国内外煤层气C2+浓度以 Ro,max=1.2%为中心随煤阶增加呈正态分布，异常集中分布在 Ro,max为0.6%~1.7%[16, 41-56]（图2），占比达到60%以上。部分无烟煤（Ro,max > 2.5%）残余气中出现C2+异常，如在我国黔西织纳煤田文家坝、大冲头等井田，高浓度C2+集中分布在Ro,max 介于2.8%~3.8%的高煤阶煤中，浓度高达15%以上，最高可达90%（图3）。在我国江西乐平、安徽广德、浙江长兴、江苏吴县树皮残植煤富集区普遍出现C2+异常[57]，在苏南锡澄虞含煤区C2+浓度达到21.11%[58]，云南恩洪向斜C2+异常区呈3条北西－南东向的带状产出[36]。
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图 2 国内外煤层气重烃浓度与煤阶的关系Figure 2. Relationship between heavy hydrocarbon concentration and coal rank in China and abroad4.2 CO2异常
CO2来源于煤层埋藏过程中有机质的脱羧反应[34]、有机质的细菌氧化反应[59]、煤层自燃[60]、与烧变岩有关的地下水溶解改造[61]、岩石化学作用、构造动力分解[62]、岩浆侵入与岩浆热力分解、自深部岩浆房或上地幔沿深大断裂运移并侵入煤系[63]等（图4）。
斯洛文尼亚Velenje盆地煤层气中CO2浓度异常区为构造封闭所致[64]，准噶尔盆地南缘系CO2生成、积聚、地下水参与下CO2的差异溶解消耗、运移分馏、微生物后期改造等综合地质作用的结果[65]，山西大同、甘肃窑街CO2浓度异常均与岩浆侵入煤层有关[23, 62]。
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图 3 黔西织纳煤田煤层残余气中重烃浓度与煤阶的关系Figure 3. Relationship between heavy hydrocarbon concentration in residual gas and coal rank in Zhina Coalfield, western Guizhou Province4.3 N2异常
煤层气中N2来源于有机质的含氮组分在煤化作用各个阶段所生成[34]。在有机质未成熟阶段（Ro,max < 0.6%），N2主要通过微生物氨化作用生成[66]；成熟至过成熟阶段（0.6%< Ro,max <2.0%），主要通过热氨化作用生成[67]。此外，部分地区N2异常源于古大气中的N2通过裂隙及地表水下渗[68]、部分放射性元素在衰变过程中产生或深部地幔中的气体运移至浅部或岩浆活动或岩石化学作用等（图5）[69-71]。
黑龙江鹤岗盆地N2浓度异常区系受埋藏史控制的古风化壳的影响[20]，江苏徐州垞城煤矿为煤层热演化生成的NH3被上覆红层中的Fe2O3氧化作用的结果[25]；煤系灰岩下伏煤层气中CO2与N2浓度异常区是在地层抬升剥蚀、地下水溶蚀灰岩的共同作用下煤层气与灰岩溶蚀空间中CO2和N2长期交换所致[72]，安徽淮南煤层气中CO2与N2浓度异常区是地层抬升剥蚀、煤系上覆基岩薄、后期新生界沉积巨厚、古大气持续下渗与煤层生物气、热成因气混合作用的结果[73]。
4.4 H2S异常
天然气中H2S异常有3种成因类型：生物成因、热化学成因和岩浆作用成因[74]。生物成因主要是微生物硫酸盐还原作用（BSR）[75]，热化学成因有热化学分解（TDS）[76]和热化学硫酸盐还原作用（TSR）[77]。我国煤层气中BSR成因占46.43%，BSR与TSR或TDS的混合成因占25.00%（图6）[21]。
山西潞安矿区石圪节煤矿H2S异常区位于逆断层下盘[78]，山东枣庄八一煤矿H2S异常区出现在燕山晚期辉绿岩岩墙的一侧[9]，新疆阜康矿区瓦斯中H2S异常煤矿多分布于逆冲推覆体的弧形构造部位和强烈构造煤发育区[79]。
4.5 稀有气体氦气异常
天然气中氦气主要来自大气、与地幔有关的原始成因氦（3He）、与地壳中铀、钍的α衰变有关的放射性氦（4He）。通常以R/Ra（R=3He/4He，代表样品同位素比值，Ra代表大气3He/4He比值，约为1.4×10−6）指示氦气的来源。鄂尔多斯盆地东缘石楼西煤层气区块氦气浓度介于0.02%~0.23%，R/Ra介于0.01~0.02[11]；新疆准南实测氦气浓度介于0~0.97%，乌鲁木齐河东地区R/Ra介于0.01~0.05[65] 、后峡煤层气区块R/Ra均在0.02左右；甘肃宝积山煤矿R/Ra介于0.02~0.03[80]、黑龙江鹤岗盆地R/Ra为0.07[20]，均显示典型的壳源气特征。而美国圣胡安盆地煤系气中氦气浓度高达7.27%~8.92%，确定为幔源成因气[81-82]。
鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤系气中氦气异常区仅出现在离石断裂带与柳林尖家沟燕山期金伯利岩带和紫金山碱性岩体西侧的山西石楼西区块[69]，圣胡安盆地氦气异常也与岩浆侵入有关[71]，均受构造演化史控制。
5. 展 望
我国大规模煤田地质勘探集中于20世纪七、八十年代，当时测的煤层瓦斯就是煤层气，大多未进行H2S、He等成分测试，建议在今后的煤炭资源勘探和煤层气勘探中采用天然气的组成分析——气相色谱法GB/T 13610—2020测全气体成分。
CO2-ECBM与N2-ECBM实践证明对煤层气增产有效果，原位储层煤层气中CO2异常的新疆准南阜康矿区煤层气开发效果很好，但安徽淮南、黑龙江鹤岗地区CO2、N2异常煤层气开发效果不理想，建议加强煤层气井排采气成分的连续检测及CO2、N2异常煤层的气体解吸研究。
分析煤系自然伽玛测井响应特征，研究放射性异常煤（岩）层的铀、钍含量，确定煤系氦源岩，阐明氦源岩/储集层的垂向叠置特征及横向变化规律；研究煤系气中He与N2的关系，探讨烃-氦同源同储规律。
分析煤系中烃源岩与非烃源岩的生物化学、热化学与水化学产气作用、烃类与非烃类气体的地球化学特征，研究同位素分馏效应和交换反应、流体循环-稀释作用、水岩氧化-还原作用、生物代谢-衍生作用及有机气与无机气的相互作用，阐明煤层气中重烃、氧化物气体、硫化氢、惰性气体等单一气体或多组分气体浓度异常特征，揭示煤层气异常成分的成因。
综合研究地质构造、地下水流动、微生物及岩浆活动对气组分的改造作用，揭示不同气组分在不同地区运移、富集及保存的演化机制。
6. 结 论
1）界定煤层气中C2+、CO2、N2、H2S、He浓度分别超过5%、10%、10%、0.00066%、0.000524%时为异常气体成分。
2）我国煤层气中CH4、C2+、CO2、N2平均浓度分别为91.82%、0.85%、2.04%、5.19%，C2+、CO2、N2异常占比分别为5.16%、4.00%和13.26%。
3）煤层气中C2+异常主要与煤化作用和煤岩组成有关，CO2、He异常主要受岩浆岩和断裂构造控制，N2异常与古风化壳有关，H2S异常主要为微生物硫酸盐还原作用和热化学硫酸盐还原作用的结果。
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图 2 国内外煤层气重烃浓度与煤阶的关系
Figure 2. Relationship between heavy hydrocarbon concentration and coal rank in China and abroad
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图 3 黔西织纳煤田煤层残余气中重烃浓度与煤阶的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between heavy hydrocarbon concentration in residual gas and coal rank in Zhina Coalfield, western Guizhou Province
表 1 我国煤层气成分异常煤矿区或勘探区一览
Table 1 List of coal mine areas or exploration areas with abnormal CBM composition in China
异常气体成分 煤矿区或勘探区 H2S 新疆库车榆树田煤矿、奇台北山矿、沙湾县煤矿、铁厂沟煤矿、红沟煤矿、沙特布拉克煤矿、西山煤矿、乌东井田、碱沟煤矿、阜康煤矿区、大黄山煤矿、托克逊县煤矿、鄯善县七克台煤矿、吐鲁番七泉湖煤矿，内蒙阿拉善百灵煤矿、乌达煤矿区，宁夏石炭井煤矿、灵武双马煤矿，山西灵石铁新井田、太原炉峪口煤矿、古交西曲煤矿、长治慈林山煤矿、石圪节煤矿、晋城潘河煤层气田、凤凰山煤矿、晋牛煤矿，陕西神木柠条塔煤矿、华彬雅店煤矿、黄陵一号煤矿、彬长小庄煤矿、铜川崔家沟煤矿、澄合煤矿区，河北开平马家沟煤矿，山东枣庄八一矿、微山县崔庄煤矿、淄博亭南煤矿，河南鹤壁四矿、洛阳新安煤矿，四川宣汉乱石沟煤矿、华蓥山煤矿区、广安思源煤矿，湖南双峰新兴煤矿等 CO2 吉林营城煤矿、延边和龙煤矿，辽宁铁法大兴煤矿，新疆准南煤田，甘肃窑街煤矿区，山西大同煤矿区，河北宣东二矿、峰峰矿区羊东井田，安徽淮南矿区、淮北永固煤矿、北辰煤矿，贵州织纳煤田阿弓向斜 N2 黑龙江鹤岗煤矿区，江苏徐州垞城矿，山东枣庄柴里矿，河南平顶山一矿，安徽淮南矿区、淮北刘桥矿 C2+ 黑龙江鸡西煤矿、山西临县煤矿区、河北开滦煤田、唐山矿、河南濮阳、安徽淮南矿区和淮北石台、湖南邵东牛马司矿、江苏东风煤矿、浙江长广煤田和长兴煤山、辽宁北票煤矿区和马架子徐大沟矿、四川盆地的中梁山、天府、南桐矿区、重庆松藻煤矿、贵州六盘水煤田、黔北煤田、云南恩洪矿区 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 我国煤层气主要成分分布频率统计
Table 2 Statistical on distribution frequency of major composition in CBM in China
气体成分 分布参数 CH4 浓度区间/% <60 60~70 70~80 80~85 85~90 ≥90 样品数 131 121 173 229 396 3604 分布频率/% 2.81 2.6 3.72 4.92 8.51 77.44 C2+ 浓度区间/% <1 1~2 2~4 4~8 8~12 ≥12 样品数 3971 150 216 212 47 58 分布频率/% 85.32 3.22 4.64 4.56 1.01 1.25 CO2 浓度区间/% <5 5~10 10~15 15~20 20~25 ≥25 样品数 4303 165 55 41 45 45 分布频率/% 92.46 3.55 1.18 0.87 0.97 0.97 N2 浓度区间/% <5 5~10 10~15 15~20 20~25 ≥25 样品数 3314 723 262 153 43 159 分布频率/% 71.21 15.54 5.63 3.29 0.91 3.42
下载: 导出CSV
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