Abstract: In order to understand the contents and distribution features of the rare earth elements in Seam B1 as well as roof and floor in Henan Province and to evaluate the resources potential of the rare earth elements in the coal,slot samplings were conducted in major production mines in 11 coalfields of Henan Province. There were 244 full seam samples collected. An ICP-MS Method was applied to analyze and test the total rare earth elements of the samples in Seam B1.The results showed that in whole Henan Province,the average value of the total rare earth elements in Seam B1 was 119.75 mg/kg,the average content of the rare earth elements in the roof was 333.80 mg/kg and the average content of the rare earth elements in the floor was 328.49 mg/kg. There was a big difference between the total content of the rare earth elements in each coalfield. The total content of 261.80 mg/kg in Xinggong Coalfield was highest,the total content of 78.74 mg/kg in Yongxia Coalfield was lowest and there were 3.3 times difference between the highest and lowest. The content of the rare earth elements was affected by the sedimentary environment control with the features of the high in west and low in east and the fluctuation from south to north. The rare earth elements of some Seam B1 in Shaanmian Coalfield and Xinggong Coalfield would have the comprehensive recovery and utilization value.