Abstract: The current test results of coal seam bursting tendency and coal bump accident are mutually inadequate and unnecessary conditions. The test results of bursting tendency need to be further improved for the reference value of coal mining. From the essence of bursting tendency to describe elastic energy, this study establishes a statistical damage physical model that can restore the accumulation and release of elastic energy. The rising and falling trend of stress-strain curve, the energy accumulation and dissipation during loading are studied from the perspective of basic physical behavior . The results show that external load work and energy release run through the entire loading process, and the current ways of describing the accumulation and dissipation of elastic energy with the characteristics of the pre-peak and post-peak sections has advantages in simplifying the calculation, but fail to reflect the true underlying physical logic. Based on the physical model, it is pointed out that the increase in deformation potential energy of the specimen ΔWti is essentially the difference between the new deformation energy ΔW′ti in the structure with the load-bearing capacity and the deformation energy ΔW″ ti released by breaking the load-bearing structure at that moment. ΔW′ti is more reasonable in describing the elastic performance. The calculation method of the index based on the load-time curve and the acoustic emission information is derived, which is a useful exploration for obtaining more accurate elastic energy.