Abstract: The separation between valuable mineral and gangue is realized based on the surface properties difference of mineral in coal slime flotation. Low temperature plasma modification technology can significantly change the surface properties of materials while maintaining the properties of the material matrix. At present, the application in the field of coal flotation is still in its infancy stage. The application of slime flotation in low temperature plasma modification of solid coal slurry and liquid medicament was discussed. Low temperature plasma modified solid coal slurry is used for reverse flotation desulfurization. The results show that the low temperature plasma directly modify the surface of coal and sulfide minerals, which can effectively expand the difference in the floatability of sulfide minerals and coal, replace chemical substances, and inhibit the floating of coal. The anti-flotation desulfurization rate is improved, and the low-temperature plasma treatment for 5 min has the best inhibitory effect on coal. The low temperature plasma modified collector was used in a flotation test and compared to unmodified reagents. The results show that after the plasma treatment, the recovery performance of the low-order coal slurry treatment agent is improved, and the yield of coal flotation clean coal is improved. It is known by infrared spectroscopy to introduce a variety of polar groups in the plasma pretreatment process, which improves the collector’s collection performance.