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深部近距离下位煤层回采巷道围岩变形控制

Deformation control of surrounding rocks of mining roadway indeep and close lower coal seam

  • 摘要: 平顶山矿区戊组煤、己组煤均为(极)近距离煤层群,煤层层间距为2-15 m,戊组煤层与己组煤层间距180 m左右,覆岩厚度为700~1 000 m。因为埋深大、受上位煤层遗留煤柱集中应力和多次工作面采动影响,巷道围岩应力分布复杂、应力水平高、破碎且可锚性差,易发生大变形,投入维护成本高。为了解决深部近距离下位煤层回采巷道围岩应力分布复杂、多次采动影响造成巷道支护困难的问题,系统分析了己15-31010运输巷受采动影响的围岩应力分布及巷道变形特征,上煤层回采过程中,巷道围岩垂直应力峰值比下煤层回采时高出18.72%,巷道表面位移增速显著,两帮塑性区范围最大3 m,顶板塑性区范围最大1.5 m。基于降低围岩应力、提升支护强度的原则,提出了以“卸-让-抗”为核心的动态立体支护对策,设计了巷道顶板采用超高强让压锚杆+钢筋网+M型钢带+锚索,支护帮部采用等强树脂锚杆+钢筋网+钢筋梯梁+锚索支护,围岩应力集中区或关键部位进行卸压的总体方案,将锚索之间用单股钢绞线连接形成三维整体,对巷道围岩浅部和深部、横向和纵向进行全方位立体支护,爆破卸压释放围岩初期变形压力,局部高应力区钻孔将煤体较高的能量进行释放,让压锚杆缓解支护结构承受载荷。该方案有效地将巷道围岩集中应力从距巷道表面2.5 m转移到距巷道表面8.0 m的围岩深部,对该方案进行的工业性试验结果表明:上煤层开采时,巷道两帮最大移近量240 mm,顶底板最大移近量156 mm,下煤层开采时,巷道两帮最大移近量335 mm,顶底板最大移近量230 mm,巷道支护效果良好,能有效控制巷道围岩变形,可为类似条件的回采巷道围岩控制提供参考。

     

    Abstract: Pingdingshan mining area Wu group coal and Ji group coal coal are (extremely) close coal seams, the distance between the seams is 2-15m, the distance between the group Wu coal seam and the group Ji coal seam is about 180 m, and the thickness of the overburden is 700-1000 m. Because of the large overburden depth, the concentrated stress of the coal pillars left over from the upper coal seam and the impact of multiple working face mining, the surrounding rock of the roadway has complex stress distribution, high stress level with poor anchorage, so it is prone to have large deformations, and the investment and maintenance costs are also quite high. In order to solve the problem that the stress distribution of surrounding rock of the mining roadway in the deep and close lower coal seam is complicated and the roadway support is difficult due to the influence of multiple mining, the stress distribution of the surrounding rock and the roadway deformation characteristics of the Ji15-31010 transportation roadway affected by mining were systematically analyzed. During the upper coal seam mining process, the peak vertical stress of the surrounding rock of the roadway was 18.72% higher than that of the lower coal seam, and the roadway surface displacement increased significantly. The maximum range of the two sides of the plastic zone is 3 m, and the maximum range of the roof plastic zone is 1.5 m. Based on the principle of reducing the stress of the surrounding rock and increasing the strength of the support, a dynamic three-dimensional support strategy with "unloading-yielding-resisting" as the core was proposed, and the roof of the roadway was designed to use ultra-high-strength yieldable bolt + steel mesh + M-shaped steel belt + the anchor cable and the ribs adopted the combined support of the same strong resin anchor bolt + steel mesh + steel ladder beam + anchor cable with the overall plan of stress relief in the surrounding rock stress concentration area or key parts. The single strand steel was used between the anchor cables and the strands were connected to form a three-dimensional integrity, which supported the shallow and deep, horizontal and vertical parts of the surrounding rock of the roadway in all directions. The pressure relief of blasting released the initial deformation pressure of the surrounding rock to allow the compression anchor to relieve the load on the supporting structure. This scheme effectively transferred the concentrated stress of the surrounding rock of the roadway from 2.5 m away from the surface of the roadway to the depth of the surrounding rock at 8.0 m away from the surface of the roadway. The industrial test results of this scheme show that the two sides of the roadway move closer to each other when the upper seam is mined. The maximum distance between the roof and floor is 230 mm, and the maximum displacement of the roof and floor is 156 mm. When mining the lower coal seam, the maximum displacement of the two sides of the roadway is 335 mm, and the maximum displacement of the roof and floor is 230 mm. The support effect of the roadway is good, and the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway can be effectively controlled, which can provide reference for the surrounding rock control of mining roadway under similar conditions.

     

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