基于熵权法-云模型保水开采生态环境评价研究
Study on ecological environment assessment of water conservation mining based on entropy weight method and cloud model
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摘要:
随着煤矿绿色开采技术的成熟应用，我国矿区的生态环境得到了明显改善，特别是西部生态脆弱矿区的生态环境实现了正向演替。因此为了量化衡量矿区生态环境的改善效果，反映绿色开采技术对矿区生态环境恢复的作用，基于绿色开采中的保水开采技术，提出了一套以保水开采技术为基础的矿区生态环境评价指标体系。在该评价体系中，采用较为客观的熵权法来对各个指标进行赋权以减少指标赋权时的专家主观性，并且为了兼顾评价信息的随机性与模糊性，采用能够描述信息随机性与模糊性的云模型理论作为建模基础，构建了一套以熵权法和云模型为基础的保水开采生态环境评价模型。该模型能够量化给出保水开采技术对矿区生态环境的改善效果，达到对以保水开采技术为主的矿区生态环境评价的目的。另外，通过实地调研选择神东矿区的哈拉沟煤矿为例，借助本评价模型对哈拉沟矿区生态环境进行评价并对本评价模型的合理性进行验证。结果表明：哈拉沟矿区的生态环境水平位于评语级“优”与评语级“良”之间，总体处于一个较好水平，和哈拉沟矿区生态环境状况相一致，从而验证了本评价模型的合理性；但通过评价云图也可看出评价结果偏向“良”的评语级，也反映了哈拉沟煤矿的生态环境状况还有提升空间，并结合分析结果给出了矿区后期应注意塌陷面积和塌陷深度等方面的改善建议。研究表明：本评价模型能够客观地对保水开采技术实施后的矿区生态环境水平进行量化评价，并能够给出矿区生态环境改善的建议，以达到科学利用保水开采技术，实现矿区生态环境良性发展的目的。
Abstract: With the mature application of green mining technology in coal mines,the ecological environment of China's mining areas in China has been significantly improved,especially the ecological environment of ecologically fragile mining areas in the west has achieved positive succession. Therefore,in order to quantitatively evaluate the ecological environment of mining area and reflect the purpose of green mining technology to promote the improvement of ecological environment in mining area,this paper puts forward a set of evaluation index system of ecological environment in mining area based on water conservation mining technology in green mining. In this evaluation system,each index was weighted by using the more objective entropy weight method to reduce the subjectivity of experts when the index was weighted. The cloud model theory which can describe the randomness and fuzziness of the information was used as the modeling basis,and a set of water conservation mining ecological environment evaluation model based on entropy weight method and cloud model was constructed,which can quantify the impact of water conservation mining technology on mining ecology and the improvement effect of environment can realize the purpose of ecological environment evaluation of mining area based on water conservation mining technology. In addition,through field investigation,Halagou Coal Mine in Shendong Mining Area was selected as an example to evaluate the ecological environment of Halagou Coal Mine with the help of this evaluation model,and the rationality of the evaluation model was verified. The results show that：the ecological environment level of Halagou Mining Area is between the evaluation level of “excellent” and the evaluation level of “good”,which is generally in a good level. This evaluation result is consistent with the field ecological environment situation of Halagou,which verifies the rationality of the evaluation model. However,it can be seen from the evaluation cloud map that the evaluation results tend to be “good”,which also reflects that the ecological environment of the Haragou Coal Mine still has room for improvement. In general,through the construction and case verification of the evaluation model of water conservation mining,this paper shows that the evaluation model can objectively evaluate the ecological environment level of the mining area after the implementation of the water conservation mining technology,and can give suggestions for improving the ecological environment of the mining area,so as to achieve the purpose of scientific utilization of water conservation mining technology and realize the benign cycle of ecological environment in mining area. -
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