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环保型煤炭防冻剂的开发及其应用研究

Development and application research of environmental-friendly coal antifreeze

  • 摘要: 氯元素是煤中常见的有害元素之一,在燃烧过程中主要转化为HCl腐蚀设备、酸化空气、危及动植物健康。传统氯化钙防冻剂由于其氯含量高(约64%),会导致煤中氯含量成倍增加,使煤炭在后续应用中产生较大危害,同时也超出了出口煤对氯含量的限制。为了促进煤炭资源的清洁化利用,采用非氯有机和无机复合降凝剂,同时添加金属复合缓蚀剂,首次研制了一种防冻性能优越、缓蚀性高的环保型煤炭防冻剂,其冰点可达-53 ℃,缓蚀性能优异,钢、铝、铜3种金属的腐蚀速率分别为0.03、0.04、0.03 mm/a,氯含量极低,仅为86×10-6。经有机元素分析,环保型煤炭防冻剂所含有机元素主要为C、H、O三种元素,其含量合计达74.83%,在煤炭使用过程中可以充分燃烧,降低了防冻剂对煤炭后续使用的影响。将该防冻剂与传统氯化钙防冻剂进行了工业性试验对比研究,结果表明,喷洒氯化钙防冻剂使3组列车煤中氯含量平均增加了10倍左右,而喷洒环保型煤炭防冻剂对煤中氯含量几乎无影响,其氯含量变化均在测试方法规定的再现性临界差范围之内。环保型煤炭防冻剂的防冻等其他性能同样优于氯化钙防冻剂,满足铁路煤炭运输防冻使用要求。

     

    Abstract: Chlorine is one of the most harmful elements in coal. In the combustion process,it is mainly converted into HCl to corrode equipment and acidify air,endangering the health of animals and plants. Due to its high chlorine content(64%),traditional calcium chloride antifreeze will lead to a double or even ten of times increase in chlorine content in coal. The introduction of a large amount of chlorine makes the coal more harmful in subsequent applications,and exceeds the restrictions on coal chlorine content of exports. In order to promote the clean utilization of the whole process of coal,in this paper,a non-chlorine organic and inorganic composite pour point depressant and a metal composite corrosion inhibitor are added to develop an environmentally friendly coal antifreeze with excellent antifreeze performance and high corrosion inhibition. Its freezing point can reach -53 ℃,and the corrosion inhibition performance is excellent. The corrosion rates of steel,aluminum and copper are 0.03 mm/a,0.04 mm/a and 0.03 mm/a respectively,and the chlorine content is extremely low,only 86 ×10-6. According to the analysis of organic elements,the environment-friendly antifreeze coal contained mainly organic elements C,H,O three elements,which total content of 74.83%. It can be fully burned during the use of coal,reducing the impact of antifreeze on the subsequent use of coal. The antifreeze and the traditional calcium chloride antifreeze are compared in an industrial test. The results show that the spraying of calcium chloride antifreeze increase the chlorine content of the three groups of trains by an average of about 10 times,while the spraying of environmentally friendly coal antifreeze has almost no effect on the chlorine content in coal. The change of chlorine content is within the reproducibility criticality range specified by the test method. Other properties such as antifreeze of environmentally friendly coal antifreeze are also superior to calcium chloride antifreeze,which meets the antifreeze use of railway coal transportation and provides a new way for the low chlorine clean utilization of coal.

     

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